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This paper deals with necessary and sufficient condition for consistency of the matrix equation $AXB = C$. We will be concerned with the minimal number of free parameters in Penroses formula $X = A^(1)CB^(1) + Y - A^(1)AYBB^(1)$ for obtaining the general solution of the matrix equation and we will establish the relation between the minimal number of free parameters and the ranks of the matrices A and B. The solution is described in the terms of Rohdes general form of the {1}-inverse of the matrices A and B. We will also use Kronecker product to transform the matrix equation $AXB = C$ into the linear system $(B^T otimes A)vecX = vec C$.
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In [Q. Xu et al., The solutions to some operator equations, Linear Algebra Appl.(2008), doi:10.1016/j.laa.2008.05.034], Xu et al. provided the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the equation $AXB^*-BX^*A^*=C$ in the general setting of the adjointable operators between Hilbert $C^*$-modules. Based on the generalized inverses, they also obtained the general expression of the solution in the solvable case. In this paper, we generalize their work in the more general setting of ring $R$ with involution * and reobtain results for rectangular matrices and operators between Hilbert $C^*$-modules by embedding the rectangles into rings of square matrices or rings of operators acting on the same space.
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