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Register a new userInstability zones for satellites of asteroids. The example of the (87) Sylvia system
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We study the stability of the (87) Sylvia system and of the neighborhood of its two satellites. We use numerical integrations considering the non-sphericity of Sylvia, as well as the mutual perturbation of the satellites and the solar perturbation. Two numerical models have been used, which describe respectively the short and long-term evolution of the system. We show that the actual system is in a deeply stable zone, but surrounded by both fast and secular chaotic regions due to resonances. We then investigate how tidal and BYORP effects modify the location of the system over time with respect to the instability zones. Finally, we briefly generalize this study to other known triple systems and to satellites of asteroids in general, and discuss about their distance from mean-motion and evection resonances.
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he triple asteroidal system (87) Sylvia is composed of a 280-km primary and two small moonlets named Romulus and Remus (Marchis et al 2005). Sylvia is located in the main asteroid belt. The satellites are in nearly equatorial circular orbits around the primary. In the present work we study the stability of the satellites Romulus and Remus, in order to identify the effects and the contribution of each perturber. The results from the 3-body problem, Sylvia-Romulus-Remus, show no significant variation of their orbital elements. However, the inclinations of the satellites present a long period evolution, when the Sun is included in the system. Such amplitude is amplified when Jupiter is included. An analysis of these results show that Romulus and Remus are librating in a secular resonance and their longitude of the nodes are locked to each other. The satellites get caught in an evection resonance with Jupiter. However, the orbital evolutions of the satellites became completely stable when the oblateness of Sylvia is included in the simulations.
The origins of irregular satellites of the giant planets are an important piece of the giant puzzle that is the theory of Solar System formation. It is well established that they are not in situ formation objects, around the planet, as are believed to be the regular ones. Then, the most plausible hypothesis to explain their origins is that they formed elsewhere and were captured by the planet. However, captures under restricted three-body problem dynamics have temporary feature, which makes necessary the action of an auxiliary capture mechanism. Nevertheless, there not exist one well established capture mechanism. In this work, we tried to understand which aspects of a binary-asteroid capture mechanism could favor the permanent capture of one member of a binary asteroid. We performed more than eight thousand numerical simulations of capture trajectories considering the four-body dynamical system Sun, Jupiter, Binary-asteroid. We restricted the problem to the circular planar prograde case, and time of integration to 10^4 years. With respect to the binary features, we noted that 1) tighter binaries are much more susceptible to produce permanent captures than the large separation-ones. We also found that 2) the permanent capture probability of the minor member of the binary is much more expressive than the major body permanent capture probability. On the other hand, among the aspects of capture-disruption process, 4) a pseudo eastern-quadrature was noted to be a very likely capture angular configuration at the instant of binary disruptions. In addition, we also found that the 5) capture probability is higher for binary asteroids which disrupt in an inferior-conjunction with Jupiter. These results show that the Sun plays a very important role on the capture dynamic of binary asteroids.
The detection of thousands of extrasolar planets by the transit method naturally raises the question of whether potential extrasolar observers could detect the transits of the Solar System planets. We present a comprehensive analysis of the regions in the sky from where transit events of the Solar System planets can be detected. We specify how many different Solar System planets can be observed from any given point in the sky, and find the maximum number to be three. We report the probabilities of a randomly positioned external observer to be able to observe single and multiple Solar System planet transits; specifically, we find a probability of 2.518% to be able to observe at least one transiting planet, 0.229% for at least two transiting planets, and 0.027% for three transiting planets. We identify 68 known exoplanets that have a favourable geometric perspective to allow transit detections in the Solar System and we show how the ongoing K2 mission will extend this list. We use occurrence rates of exoplanets to estimate that there are $3.2pm1.2$ and $6.6^{+1.3}_{-0.8}$ temperate Earth-sized planets orbiting GK and M dwarf stars brighter than $V=13$ and $V=16$ respectively, that are located in the Earths transit zone.
The star BD+29 1748 was resolved to be a close binary from its occultation by the asteroid 87 Sylvia on 2006 December 18 UT. Four telescopes were used to observe this event at two sites separated by some 80 km apart. Two flux drops were observed at one site, whereas only one flux drop was detected at the other. From the long-term variation of Sylvia, we inferred the probable shape of the shadow during the occultation, and this in turn constrains the binary parameters: the two components of BD+29 1748 have a projected separation of 0.097 to 0.110 on the sky with a position angle 104 deg to 107 deg. The asteroid was clearly resolved with a size scale ranging from 130 to 290 km, as projected onto the occultation direction. No occultation was detected for either of the two known moonlets of 87 Sylvia.
We perform numerical simulations to study the secular orbital evolution and dynamical structure in the quintuplet planetary system 55 Cancri with the self-consistent orbital solutions by Fischer and coworkers (2008). In the simulations, we show that this system can be stable at least for $10^{8}$ yr. In addition, we extensively investigate the planetary configuration of four outer companions with one terrestrial planet in the wide region of 0.790 AU $leq a leq $ 5.900 AU to examine the existence of potential asteroid structure and Habitable Zones (HZs). We show that there are unstable regions for the orbits about 4:1, 3:1 and 5:2 mean motion resonances (MMRs) with the outermost planet in the system, and several stable orbits can remain at 3:2 and 1:1 MMRs, which is resemblance to the asteroidal belt in solar system. In a dynamical point, the proper candidate HZs for the existence of more potential terrestrial planets reside in the wide area between 1.0 AU and 2.3 AU for relatively low eccentricities.
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