The strong interaction shift $epsilon$ and broadening {Gamma} in pionic deuterium have been determined in a high statistics study of the {pi}D(3p - 1s) X-ray transition using a high-resolution crystal spectrometer. The pionic deuterium shift will provide constraints for the pion-nucleon isospin scattering lengths extracted from measurements of shift and broadening in pionic hydrogen. The hadronic broadening is related to pion absorption and production at threshold. The results are epsilon = (-2356 {pm} 31)meV (repulsive) and {Gamma}1s = (1171+23/-49) meV yielding for the complex {pi}D scattering length a = [-(24.99 {pm} 0.33) + i (6.22+0.12/-0.26)]x10-3/m{pi}. From the imaginary part, the threshold parameter for pion production is obtained to be {alpha} = (251 +5/-11) {mu}b. This allows, in addition, and by using results from pion absorption in 3He at threshold, the determination of the effective couplings g0 and g1 for s-wave pion absorption on isoscalar and isovector NN pairs.
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