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Register a new userNEUCAL, an innovative neutron detector for e/h discrimination: testbeam results
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Authors
G. Sguazzoni
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An excellent hadron to electron discrimination is a crucial aspect of calorimeter-based experiments in astroparticle physics. Standard discrimination techniques require full shower development and fine granularity but in space detectors severe limitations exist due to constraints on dimensions, weight and power consumption. A possible approach is to exploit the different neutron yield of electromagnetic and hadronic showers. NEUCAL is a light and compact innovative neutron detector, to be used as an auxiliary complement of electromagnetic calorimeters. This new approach to neutron counting relies on scintillation detectors which are sensitive to the moderation phase of the neutron component. The NEUCAL prototype has been placed after a conventional calorimeter and tested with high energy beams of pions and positrons. The comparison of experimental data with a detailed Geant4 simulation and the encouraging results obtained are presented.
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NEUCAL is a neutron detector which is currently under study to be used as a sub-detector complementing electromagnetic (e.m.) calorimeters for electron/hadron discrimination in cosmic rays at high energy. Its aim is to reveal the different yield of neutron production in e.m. and hadronic showers, not only by counting signals due to their absorption in some sensible detector after passive moderation, but also looking for signals produced during the moderation phase. The basic idea and a test of a prototype detector are discussed in this paper. A first preliminary comparison of experimental data with simulation is also shown.
Detection of neutrons is becoming of the utmost importance, especially in the studies of radioactive waste and in homeland security applications. The crisis of 3He availability has required the development of innovative techniques. One solution is to develop light gas detectors for neutron counting to be used as portals for ports and airports. The neutron is converted on the Boron-coated cathode, releasing a charged particle, whose passage can be identified by the gas detector. While several technologies have been deployed in the past, the project {mu}RANIA-V ( {mu}Rwell Advanced Neutron Identification Apparatus) aims to detect thermal neutrons by means of the {mu}Rwell technology, an innovative gas detector. The goal is to produce tiles to operate as portals in homeland security or for radioactive waste management. The technological transfer towards the industry has started, thus the production can be cost-effective also owing to a construction process relatively easier compared to similar apparatus. By reading directly the signals from the amplification stage, the neutrons can be counted with simplified electronics further reducing the total cost. In this paper, the project will be described, with details on the {mu}Rwell technology and on the neutron counting, on the test beam performed, and on the future plans.
Using the waveforms from a digital electronic system, an offline analysis technique on pulse shape discrimination (PSD) has been developed to improve the neutron-gamma separation in a bar-shaped NE-213 scintillator that couples to a photomultiplier tube (PMT) at each end. The new improved method, called the ``valued-assigned PSD (VPSD), assigns a normalized fitting residual to every waveform as the PSD value. This procedure then facilitates the incorporation of longitudinal position dependence of the scintillator, which further enhances the PSD capability of the detector system. In this paper, we use radiation emitted from an AmBe neutron source to demonstrate that the resulting neutron-gamma identification has been much improved when compared to the traditional technique that uses the geometric mean of light outputs from both PMTs. The new method has also been modified and applied to a recent experiment at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) that uses an analog electronic system.
A new high-precision detector for studying neutrons from beta-delayed neutron emission and direct reaction studies is proposed. The Neutron dEtector with Xn Tracking (NEXT) array is designed to maintain high intrinsic neutron detection efficiency while reducing uncertainties in neutron energy measurements. A single NEXT module is composed of thin segments of plastic scintillator, each optically separated, capable of neutron-gamma discrimination. Each segmented module is coupled to position sensitive photodetectors enabling the high-precision determination of neutron time of arrival and interaction position within the active volume. A design study has been conducted based on simulations and experimental tests leading to the construction of prototype units. First results from measurements using a $^{252}$Cf neutron source and accelerator-produced monoenergetic neutrons are presented.
HV-CMOS pixel sensors are a promising option for the tracker upgrade of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, as well as for other future tracking applications in which large areas are to be instrumented with radiation-tolerant silicon pixel sensors. We present results of testbeam characterisations of the $4^{mathrm{th}}$ generation of Capacitively Coupled Pixel Detectors (CCPDv4) produced with the ams H18 HV-CMOS process that have been irradiated with different particles (reactor neutrons and 18 MeV protons) to fluences between $1cdot 10^{14}$ and $5cdot 10^{15}$ 1-MeV-n$_textrm{eq}$/cm$^2$. The sensors were glued to ATLAS FE-I4 pixel readout chips and measured at the CERN SPS H8 beamline using the FE-I4 beam telescope. Results for all fluences are very encouraging with all hit efficiencies being better than 97% for bias voltages of $85,$V. The sample irradiated to a fluence of $1cdot 10^{15}$ n$_textrm{eq}$/cm$^2$ - a relevant value for a large volume of the upgraded tracker - exhibited 99.7% average hit efficiency. The results give strong evidence for the radiation tolerance of HV-CMOS sensors and their suitability as sensors for the experimental HL-LHC upgrades and future large-area silicon-based tracking detectors in high-radiation environments.
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