No Arabic abstract
We study the differential conductance in the Kondo regime of a quantum dot coupled to multiple leads. When the bias is applied symmetrically on two of the leads ($V$ and $-V$, as usual in experiments), while the others are grounded, the conductance through the biased leads always shows the expected enhancement at {it zero} bias. However, under asymmetrically applied bias ($V$ and $lambda V$, with $lambda>0$), a suppression - dip - appears in the differential conductance if the asymmetry coefficient $lambda$ is beyond a given threshold $lambda_0= sqrt[3]{1+r}$ determined by the ratio $r$ of the dot-leads couplings. This is a recipe to determine experimentally this ratio which is important for the quantum-dot devices. This finding is a direct result of the Keldysh transport formalism. For the illustration we use a many-lead Anderson Hamiltonian, the Green functions being calculated in the Lacroix approximation, which is generalized to the case of nonequilibrium.
A one-dimensional semiconductor nanowire proximitized by a nearby superconductor may become a topological superconductor hosting localized Majorana zero modes at the two wire ends in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman spin splitting (arising from an external magnetic field). The hallmark of the presence of such Majorana zero modes is the appearance of a zero-temperature quantized zero-bias conductance peak in the tunneling spectroscopy of the Majorana nanowire. We theoretically study the temperature and the tunnel coupling dependence of the tunneling conductance in such nanowires to understand possible intrinsic deviations from the predicted conductance quantization. We find that the full temperature and the tunneling transmission dependence of the tunnel conductance does not obey any simple scaling relation, and estimating the zero-temperature conductance from finite-temperature and finite-tunnel-broadening tunneling data is difficult in general. A scaling relation, however, does hold at the extreme weak-tunneling low-temperature limit where the conductance depends only on the dimensionless ratio of the temperature and tunnel broadening. We also consider the tunneling contributions from nontopological Andreev bound states which may produce almost-zero-bias conductance peaks, which are not easy to distinguish from the Majorana-induced zero-bias peaks, finding that the nontopological almost-zero-modes associated with Andreev bound states manifest similar temperature and transmission dependence as the topological Majorana modes. We comment on the Zeeman splitting dependence of the zero-bias conductance peak for finite temperature and tunnel coupling.
We report an experimental study of the scaling of zero-bias conductance peaks compatible with Majorana zero modes as a function of magnetic field, tunnel coupling, and temperature in one-dimensional structures fabricated from an epitaxial semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure. Results are consistent with theory, including a peak conductance that is proportional to tunnel coupling, saturates at $2e^2/h$, decreases as expected with field-dependent gap, and collapses onto a simple scaling function in the dimensionless ratio of temperature and tunnel coupling.
We report electron transport studies of a thin InAs-Al hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanowire device using a four-terminal design. Compared to previous works, thinner InAs nanowire (diameter less than 40 nm) is expected to reach fewer sub-band regime. The four-terminal device design excludes electrode contact resistance, an unknown value which has inevitably affected previously reported device conductance. Using tunneling spectroscopy, we find large zero-bias peaks (ZBPs) in differential conductance on the order of $2e^2/h$. Investigating the ZBP evolution by sweeping various gate voltages and magnetic field, we find a transition between a zero-bias peak and a zero-bias dip while the zero-bias conductance sticks close to $2e^2/h$. We discuss a topologically trivial interpretation involving disorder, smooth potential variation and quasi-Majorana zero modes.
We propose that two-channel orbital Kondo ``spin 1/2 conductance can be measured in a quantum dot at Coulomb Blockade with an odd number of electrons with contacts in a pillar configuration, if an orthogonal magnetic field induces an appropriate level crossing. At the zero-temperature strong coupling fixed point the conductance reaches the unitarity limit with a non-Fermi liquid sqrt(T)-law.
Spin and charge transport through a quantum dot coupled to external nonmagnetic leads is analyzed theoretically in terms of the non-equilibrium Green function formalism based on the equation of motion method. The dot is assumed to be subject to spin and charge bias, and the considerations are focused on the Kondo effect in spin and charge transport. It is shown that the differential spin conductance as a function of spin bias reveals a typical zero-bias Kondo anomaly which becomes split when either magnetic field or charge bias are applied. Significantly different behavior is found for mixed charge/spin conductance. The influence of electron-phonon coupling in the dot on tunneling current as well as on both spin and charge conductance is also analyzed.