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Register a new userOn the appearance of Eisenstein series through degeneration
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Let $Gamma$ be a Fuchsian group of the first kind acting on the hyperbolic upper half plane $mathbb H$, and let $M = Gamma backslash mathbb H$ be the associated finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surface. If $gamma$ is parabolic, there is an associated (parabolic) Eisenstein series, which, by now, is a classical part of mathematical literature. If $gamma$ is hyperbolic, then, following ideas due to Kudla-Millson, there is a corresponding hyperbolic Eisenstein series. In this article, we study the limiting behavior of parabolic and hyperbolic Eisenstein series on a degenerating family of finite volume hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. In particular, we prove the following result. If $gamma in Gamma$ corresponds to a degenerating hyperbolic element, then a multiple of the associated hyperbolic Eisenstein series converges to parabolic Eisenstein series on the limit surface.
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We provide an introduction to the theory of Eisenstein series and automorphic forms on real simple Lie groups G, emphasising the role of representation theory. It is useful to take a slightly wider view and define all objects over the (rational) adeles A, thereby also paving the way for connections to number theory, representation theory and the Langlands program. Most of the results we present are already scattered throughout the mathematics literature but our exposition collects them together and is driven by examples. Many interesting aspects of these functions are hidden in their Fourier coefficients with respect to unipotent subgroups and a large part of our focus is to explain and derive general theorems on these Fourier expansions. Specifically, we give complete proofs of the Langlands constant term formula for Eisenstein series on adelic groups G(A) as well as the Casselman--Shalika formula for the p-adic spherical Whittaker function associated to unramified automorphic representations of G(Q_p). In addition, we explain how the classical theory of Hecke operators fits into the modern theory of automorphic representations of adelic groups, thereby providing a connection with some key elements in the Langlands program, such as the Langlands dual group LG and automorphic L-functions. Somewhat surprisingly, all these results have natural interpretations as encoding physical effects in string theory. We therefore also introduce some basic concepts of string theory, aimed toward mathematicians, emphasising the role of automorphic forms. In particular, we provide a detailed treatment of supersymmetry constraints on string amplitudes which enforce differential equations of the same type that are satisfied by automorphic forms. Our treatise concludes with a detailed list of interesting open questions and pointers to additional topics which go beyond the scope of this book.
We carry out Hecke summation for the classical Eisenstein series $E_k$ in an adelic setting. The connection between classical and adelic functions is made by explicit calculations of local and global intertwining operators and Whittaker functions. In the process we determine the automorphic representations generated by the $E_k$, in particular for $k=2$, where the representation is neither a pure tensor nor has finite length. We also consider Eisenstein series of weight $2$ with level, and Eisenstein series with character.
We identify the quantum limits of scattering states for the modular surface. This is obtained through the study of quantum measures of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series away from the critical line. We provide a range of stability for the quantum unique ergodicity theorem of Luo and Sarnak.
In recent work, M. Just and the second author defined a class of semi-modular forms on $mathbb C$, in analogy with classical modular forms, that are half modular in a particular sense; and constructed families of such functions as Eisenstein-like series using symmetries related to integer partitions. Looking for further natural examples of semi-modular behavior, here we construct a family of Eisenstein-like series to produce semi-modular forms, using symmetries related to Fibonacci numbers instead of partitions. We then consider other Lucas sequences that yield semi-modular forms.
We identify a class of semi-modular forms invariant on special subgroups of $GL_2(mathbb Z)$, which includes classical modular forms together with complementary classes of functions that are also nice in a specific sense. We define an Eisenstein-like series summed over integer partitions, and use it to construct families of semi-modular forms.
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