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Register a new userAstroparticle Physics with AMS02
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Behcet Alpat
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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS02) experiment will be installed in 2009 on the International Space Station (ISS) for an operational period of at least three years. The purpose of AMS02 experiment is to perform accurate, high statistics, long duration measurements in space of charged cosmic rays in rigidity range from 1 GV to 3 TV and of high energy photons up to few hundred of GeV. In this work we will discuss the experimental details and the physics capabilities of AMS02 on ISS.
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Puzzles often give birth to the great discoveries, the false discoveries sometimes stimulate the exiting ideas in theoretical physics. The historical examples of both are described in Introduction and in section ``Cosmological Puzzles. From existing puzzles most attention is given to Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) puzzle and to cosmological constant problem. The 40-years old UHECR problem consisted in absence of the sharp steepening in spectrum of extragalactic cosmic rays caused by interaction with CMB radiation. This steepening is known as Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff. It is demonstrated here that the features of interaction of cosmic ray protons with CMB are seen now in the spectrum in the form of the dip and beginning of the GZK cutoff. The most serious cosmological problem is caused by large vacuum energy of the known elementary-particle fields which exceeds at least by 45 orders of magnitude the cosmological vacuum energy. The various ideas put forward to solve this problem during last 40 years, have weaknesses and cannot be accepted as the final solution of this puzzle. The anthropic approach is discussed.
The SiPM is a novel solid state photodetector which can be operated in the single photon counting mode. It has excellent features, such as high quantum efficiency, good charge resolution, fast response, very compact size, high gain of 106, very low power consumption, immunity to the magnetic field and low bias voltage (30-70V). Drawbacks of this device currently are a large dark current, crosstalk between micropixels and relatively low sensitivity to UV and blue light. In the last few years, we have developed large size SiPMs (9 mm^2 and 25 mm^2) for applications in the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, MAGIC and CTA, and in the space-borne fluorescence telescope EUSO. The current status of the SiPM development by MPI and MEPhI will be presented.
Cherenkov light induced by fast charged particles in transparent dielectric media such as air or water is exploited by a variety of experimental techniques to detect and measure extraterrestrial particles impinging on Earth. A selection of detection principles is discussed and corresponding experiments are presented together with breakthrough-results they achieved. Some future developments are highlighted.
Precision measurements of charged cosmic rays have recently been carried out by space-born (e.g. AMS-02), or ground experiments (e.g. HESS). These measured data are important for the studies of astro-physical phenomena, including supernova remnants, cosmic ray propagation, solar physics and dark matter. Those scenarios usually contain a number of free parameters that need to be adjusted by observed data. Some techniques, such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo and MultiNest, are developed in order to solve the above problem. However, it is usually required a computing farm to apply those tools. In this paper, a genetic algorithm for finding the optimum parameters for cosmic ray injection and propagation is presented. We find that this algorithm gives us the same best fit results as the Markov Chain Monte Carlo but consuming less computing power by nearly 2 orders of magnitudes.
The modern astrophysics is moving towards the enlarging of experiments and combining the channels for detecting the highest energy processes in the Universe. To obtain reliable data, the experiments should operate within several decades, which means that the data will be obtained and analyzed by several generations of physicists. Thus, for the stability of the experiments, it is necessary to properly maintain not only the data life cycle, but also the human aspects, for example, attracting, learning and continuity. To this end, an educational and outreach resource has been deployed in the framework of German-Russian Astroparticle Data Life Cycle Initiative (GRADLCI).
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