Agricultural policy can be defined as the collection of procedures, laws, regulations regarding the agricultural field issued by ruling authorities in a country. The nature of the development of the agricultural issue in Syria during the past five centuries has an important influence on forming and shaping Syrian modern economic history, for Syria’s current image is one of the results of its history and not a product of its present day. The purpose of this research is the evaluation of agricultural policy by means of a scientific approach which credits this policy where it has succeeded and reveals its defects in order to correct them. Today, the issue of food security is at stake and can only be dealt with by scientific approaches.