Introduction 7 Visceral Leishmaniasis( VL )is characterized by a spectrum of clinical features, with high cure rates in early diagnosis. Objective: the objective is to describe the clinical and epidemiological features and laboratory variables of children with visceral leishmaniasis ,And to define the importance of a positive direct investigation of the parasite in Bone marrow in the diagnosis of disease . Patients and Methods : It was a case series study of )52( cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis which were hospitalized between June-20 31and June-2014 in Al -Assad University Hospital ,Latakia Results 52 7 7 children were included in this study .Majority of the patients (92%) presented with fever ,common findings in physical examination were(100%) Pallor and (97%) splenomegaly The direct investigation of parasite in Bone marrow was positive in )%55( of cases .