This research aims to identify the factors affecting the profitability of insurance companies operating in Syria, a contribution to assist the management of those companies to create the appropriate environment to ensure these companies to sustain and success in achieving their objectives and achieving the desired economic development. To achieve the purpose of the study, data was collected from insurance companies operating in Syria, two companies were excluded from the study, Oqaila Takaful Insurance Company because of its commitment to the principles of Islamic law, and the General Syrian Insurance Corporation because of the lack of of its financial data. The study period spanned from 2009 to 2013. For the purpose of the study data analysis was used a Panel Data model namely the pooled regression. The data were analyzed based on Eviews7. Results of the study showed that both the political crisis and investments positively affect the profitability of the company, while the leverage negatively affect the profitability of insurance companies, the company's size and liquidity, did not show an effect on the profitability of insurance companies.