The research aims to identify the degree of fourth grade students of basic education in the province of Damascus mental skills and knowledge of the differences in the degree of exercising their mental skills, according to two variables (sex, type of school). The sample of the research are (838) pupils from the students of fourth grade of primary education has been chosen randomly stratified from the government and private primary schools the way in the province of Damascus, and dish them mental skills scale, (the researcher) after verifying of validity and reliability.