This study was conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unite of Children Hospital of Damascus University from 1/6/97 to 31/12/97. The study led to the following results: 1485 admissions over the inducated period resulted in 790 death cases. The mortality rate was 53.19%. Masculinity, prematurity, low-birth weight and the general bad condition at admittance are the major risk-factors. There was no clear effect of controlled or uncontrolled pregnancy, location of delivery and patient transport on the mortality rate. Infectious diseases are the main cause of mortality, followed by respiratory diseases, congenital malformation, neurologic diseases, surgical conditions and heart diseases respectively.