This research has been carried out at the experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty, Damascus University during the period of 1998-2000. Five parents were selected from the Cotton Office Germplasm (Aleppo40, Raqua5, Dir22, Daltabain50, 88G6104) to examine the inheritance of some morphophysiological, yield, and quality related traits. In1998, the five parents were hand-crossed in all combinations (with no reciprocals) generating ten F1 hybrids. During 1999, the ten crosses and their parents were planted to produce F2 seeds. In 2000 the F1s, F2s, and their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Heritability estimates in broad sense showed that the earliness traits possess the highest values, followed by total and actual bolls number, indicating the importance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. Whereas, heritability values for other traits were markedly different, revealing the genetic diversity of these hybrids parents. High estimates of expected genetic advance were found to be associated with high heritability estimates for total and actual bolls number, indicating that direct selection should be effective for these traits. On the other hand, improvement of traits, possessing intermediate estimates of genetic advance and high heritability estimates, such as total bolls number, harvest index, flowering earliness and fiber elongation in some studied hybrids, through direct selection might be less effective. The results suggest that traits with high heritability estimates associated with low estimates of genetic advance; and those possess intermediate estimates of heritability and genetic advance or low estimates of both parameters are most likely controlled by non-additive genes, therefor, direct selection might not be effective for improving these traits.