This study was carried out in cooperation between the Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University and the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Karahta station of field crops researches during two growing seasons (2003-04 & 2004-05). Four local improved barley lines and cultivars (female parents) were crossed with five exotic lines and cultivars (male parents) using line × tester method. The crosses were grown along with their parents in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability(SCA) and both mid and high parent heterosis for number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield per plant.