Six Syrian landraces of Rosa damascena planted at the faculty of agriculture of Damascus University have been evaluated in this study. A big variation of yield was noticed among the landraces. The landrace called (Mesraba) was superior to others concerning yield which was (112.2 g/plant). On the other hand, (Erna) had got the highest content of oil (0.071%). Analysis of oil implemented in Suleyman Demirel University in Turkey (Isparta) identified the main components of oil such as: Geraniol (28-31%), Citronellol (26-30%), Nerol (12-14%), Germacrene-D (6-8%), Nonadecane (4-6%) and Linalool (1- 3%). Besides, many trace compounds were detected such as: Eicosane, Eugenol, Citral, Hexadecane and Rose oxide. The essential oil of (Almarah) had got the highest quality.