International terrorism is considered a serious problem in the international community which can be used for political purposes and to put pressure on countries. In the Middle East in particular, and in the light of sharp conflicts, the international community gave this issue special attention and adopted several treaties and agreements under the supervision of UN and other regional and religious organizations, such as the Organization of Islamic Conference. The study aims at presenting the discrepancy between Islam and terrorism in addition to challenging and denying the unfair charge that terrorism is linked to Islam. We will discuss in our study the phenomenon of terrorism in accordance with the Organization of the Islamic Conference Treaty and show the definition of the crime of terrorism and its cornerstones and penalty owed by linking this topic to the terrorism experienced by Syria and practiced by terrorist groups disguised by takfiri extremist ideas which are definitely unrelated to Islam.