Seven cotton varieties (Rakka 5, Aleppo133, Aleppo 90, Aleppo 118, Aleppo 40, Deir 22, and Line124) were used in the study of some quantitative characteristics of cotton yield and its components (seed cotton weight per boll/g, 100seed/g weight average, lint percentage %, seed cotton weight per plant/g, total dry matter weight, seed cotton yield per unit area kg/ha), and physiological qualities (leaf area cm2, leaf area index %). The seven varieties were grown in Salhab (Al-Ghab region, Hama) in 2012 using randomized complete block design with three replications. The study included estimating variance, broad sense heritability, genetic progress, and genetic correlation between cotton yield and its components, which is to be used in breeding programs.