Washback and Communicative Testing and their Influence on Educational Programs

Washback and commutative testing possess direct impact on the outcome quality of education. They have, therefore, been looked at thoughtfully by specialists in the field of testing, measurement and assessment in the last decade. The Arabic library, however, lacks materials on those two themes, which was the objective behind publishing this paper in one of Arabic periodicals, with the goal to draw the attention of stakeholders and policy makers to the influence of washback and commutative testing possess on the curriculum. The methodology of the current paper tends to focus on applied perspectives with simplicity and illustration of models and examples.