The study aims to recognize the essence and the concept of information and knowledge and its roles in societies ' development. And it deals with the importance of information and knowledge economy and its roles in constriction the digital gap among societies, libraries and information centers in knowledge management and filling the cultural gap among societies. The study inquires the knowledge management terms, the position of Arab countries on the epistemic society map, the challenges that face the developing countries in general and the Arab ones in particular in the time of epistemic explosion and technological development.