This research aims at exploring the relationship between children's loneliness and depression in the primary fourth class of the state schools of Damascus. It also aims at indicating the differences between children's in loneliness and depression according to gender (Males and Females). The sample of the study consisted of (814)child (418) males,(396)females in the primary fourth class of the state schools of Damascus. This sample was selected randomly by using a stratified random sample. The tools of the study included tests of feeling of loneliness & feeling of depression which were prepared by the researcher; these tools were applied on a pilot sample and tested for validity and reliability.