Legislation, in the world, moves to pay attention to the subsequent care for convicts, and then the culprit who has committed an offense and has been sentenced needs care during and after the implementation of his sentence to be back as a useful member in his society. This care involves convicts' rehabilitation after the implementation of their sentences to preserve their dignity and rights. Therefore, the Positive Legislation has embraced the so-called 'Rehabilitation Institution' which is trying to treat the effects of these sanctions. This institution does not exist by that name in the Islamic Criminal Legislation. However, this research aims to compare the fixed concepts in the Islamic jurisprudence which intersect with the principles of institution of rehabilitation in the positive legislation _ especially in the Syrian Penal Code _ the research involves the rooting of the concept of rehabilitation in the Islamic jurisprudence through the systemof repentance and the concept of eligibility and justice. It also includes a statement of the method of Islamic legislation in dealing with the effects of sanctions after their implementation on the eligibility of convicts and their social status.