This research studies the reality of the insurance sector in the Syrian Arab Republic during the period between 1990-2012, identifying most important private companies that have entered the domestic insurance market. It also tries to examine distribution of demand between them and the Syrian General Organization Insurance by comparing the volume of insurance premiums before and after the entry of private companies to market insurance in Syria. These companies play an important role, increasing the demand for insurance products One of the main conclusions of this research relates to the role of private insurance companies in increasing the size of the insurance demand. However, index of insurance penetration shows weakness of the Syrian insurance sector with demand focused on auto insurance.