As dental caries are among the most common chronic diseases, the study of their prevalence and severity in a specific population area can contribute to constructing necessary plans for treatment and prevention. This study aimed to assess the rate of prevalence and severity of dental caries in 13 -15 years – old children in Lattakia City and to study the effects of the different factors and their relation to the grade of the severity of the dental caries. The study was conducted on 1680 children. The sample was divided into four main groups, depending on the grade of severity of the dental caries. The analysis of data showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 67.1±1.92% and the DMFT value was 2.35. The study also showed that mother feeding, the factor of dental care and socioeconomical factors are important in all groups