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Register a new userHigh Precision Ionization Chamber for Relative Intensity Monitoring of Synchrotron Radiation
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S.N. Ahmed
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A single channel, high precision ionization chamber has been built for monitoring the relative intensity of X-rays in the energy range above 5 keV. It can be used in experiments, such as EXAFS, where simultaneous high precision monitoring of the relative intensity during the actual experiment is required. In this paper the construction of the chamber and its performance during test measurements with an X-ray tube are presented.
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Radiation-hard ionization chambers were tested using an intense electron beam from the accelerator test facility (ATF) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The detectors were designed to be used as the basic element for monitoring muons in the Main Injector Neutrino beamline (NuMI) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). Measurements of linearity of response, voltage dependence, and the onset of ionization saturation as a function of gap voltage were performed.
This article includes the description of the geometric parameter gage device prototype for synchrotron radiation of HERA collider (DESY). The system construction which capable to measure photo current, caused by such a radiation in a refractory metal, described here. The system component parts are: measuring heads and photo current measuring electronics designed by IHEP, stepper motor by Vacuum Generators with HEDS-550X encoder by Hewlett Packard, PCI-STEP-4CX 4-Axis Closed Loop Step controller by National Instruments. The device is controlled by means of Microsoft Visual Basic program using Value Motion Windows Libraries. The device prototype was tested in the beam of the DORIS storage ring.
Various effects of intense synchrotron radiation on the performance of particle accelerators, especially for storage rings, are discussed. Following a brief introduction to synchrotron radiation, the basic concepts of heat load, gas load, electron emission, and the countermeasures against these effects are discussed.
In this work a combination of an ionization chamber with one-dimensional spatial resolution and a MicroCAT structure will be presented. The combination between gas gain operations and integrating front-end electronics yields a dynamic range as high as eight to nine orders of magnitude. Therefore this device is well suitable for medical imaging or applications such as small angle x-ray scattering, where the requirements on the dynamic of the detector are exceptional high. Basically the described detector is an ionization chamber adapted to fan beam geometry with an active area of 192 cm and a pitch of the anode strips of 150 micrometer. In the vertical direction beams as high as 10 mm can be accepted. Every read-out strip is connected to an analogue integrating electronics channel realized in a custom made VLSI chip. A MicroCAT structure utilized as a shielding grid enables frame rates as high as 10kHz. The high dynamic range observed stems from the fact that the MicroCAT enables active electron amplification in the gas. Thus a single photon resolution can be obtained for low photon fluxes even with the integrating electronics. The specialty of this device is that for each photon flux the gas amplification can be adjusted in such a fashion that the maximum DQE value is achieved.
The design, construction and performance characteristics of a simple axial-field ionization chamber suitable for identifying ions in a radioactive beam are presented. Optimized for use with low-energy radioactive beams (< 5 MeV/A) the detector presents only three 0.5 $mu$m/cm$^2$ foils to the beam in addition to the detector gas. A fast charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) integrated into the detector design is also described. Coupling this fast CSA to the axial field ionization chamber produces an output pulse with a risetime of 60-70 ns and a fall time of 100 ns, making the detector capable of sustaining a relatively high rate. Tests with an $alpha$ source establish the detector energy resolution as $sim$8 $%$ for an energy deposit of $sim$3.5 MeV. The energy resolution with beams of 2.5 and 4.0 MeV/A $^{39}$K ions and the dependence of the energy resolution on beam intensity is measured. At an instantaneous rate of 3 x 10$^5$ ions/s the energy resolution has degraded to 14% with a pileup of 12%. The good energy resolution of this detector at rates up to 3 x 10$^5$ ions/s makes it an effective tool in the characterization of low-energy radioactive beams.
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