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Register a new userMicrowave Generation Power in a Nonrelativistic Electron Beam with Virtual Cathode in a Retarding Electric Field
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Added by
Alexander E. Hramov
Publication date
2006
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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The power of microwave generation in a nonrelativistic electron beam with virtual cathode formed in a static retarding electric field (low-voltage vircator system) has been studied experimentally and by means of numerical simulation within the framework of a one-dimensional theory. The limits of applicability of the one-dimensional theory have been experimentally determined.
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The report is devoted to the results of the numerical study of the virtual cathode formation conditions in the relativistic electron beam under the influence of the self-magnetic and external axial magnetic fields. The azimuthal instability of the relativistic electron beam leading to the formation of the vortex electron structure in the system was found out. This instability is determined by the influence of the self-magnetic fields of the relativistic electron beam and it leads to the decrease of the critical value of the electron beam current (current when the non-stationary virtual cathode is formed in the drift space). The typical dependencies of the critical current on the external uniform magnetic field value were discovered. The effect of the beam thickness on the virtual cathode formation conditions was also analyzed.
We consider the possibility of formation of a superconductivity state either in a semiconductor or in a electron-hole plasma with the degenerate electrons due to the attractive forces between the electrons as a result of the exchange effects through the electron-hole sound wave by analogy to the phonon waves in a solid state. We have determined the view of an interaction potential between two electrons in a degenerate electron-hole plasma. The potential appears to be attractive at distances large than the Debye radius and decreases as $1/r^3$. We discuss the conditions at which the bound electron state - Cooper Pair in a such field can be formed.
The electron sheath formation in a DC magnetised plasma of modified hollow cathode source is studied. The discharge consists of two plane parallel cathodes and a small cubical anode placed off axis at the center. The argon plasma is produced and the properties of the plasma in response to the sheath formation near the anode are studied using electrical and optical diagnostics. In particular, the effect of pressure, magnetic field on discharge parameters such as discharge current, plasma potential, plasma density and electron temperature is studied. The discharge showed an onset of anode glow at a critical applied magnetic field indicating the formation of electron sheath and a double layer. The discharge current initially decreases; however it starts to rise again as the anode spot appears on the anode. The critical magnetic field at which anode glow formation takes place is dependent upon operating pressure and discharge voltage. The transition from ion sheath to electron sheath is investigated in detail by Langmuir probe and spectroscopy diagnostics. The plasma potential near the anode decreases during the transition from ion sheath to electron sheath. The plasma potential locks to the ionization potential of argon gas when anode spot is completely formed. A systematic study showed that during the transition, the electron temperature increases and plasma density decreases in the bulk plasma. The spectroscopy of the discharge showed presence of strong atomic and ionic lines of argon. The intensity of these spectral lines showed a dip during the transition between two sheaths. After the formation of the anode spot, oscillations of the order of 5-20 kHz are observed in the discharge current and floating potential due to the enhanced ionisation and excitation processes in the electron sheath.
In recent decades, different types of plasma sources have been used for various types of plasma processing, such as, etching and thin film deposition. The critical parameter for effective plasma processing is high plasma density. One type of high density plasma source is Microwave sheath-Voltage combination Plasma (MVP). In the present investigation, a better design of MVP source is reported, in which over-dense plasma is generated for low input microwave powers. The results indicate that the length of plasma column increases significantly with increase in input microwave power.
Generation of anomalously energetic suprathermal electrons was observed in simulation of a high- voltage dc discharge with electron emission from the cathode. An electron beam produced by the emission interacts with the nonuniform plasma in the discharge via a two-stream instability. Efficient energy transfer from the beam to the plasma electrons is ensured by the plasma nonuniformity. The electron beam excites plasma waves whose wavelength and phase speed gradually decrease towards anode. The short waves near the anode accelerate plasma bulk electrons to suprathermal energies. The sheath near the anode reflects some of the accelerated electrons back into the plasma. These electrons travel through the plasma, reflect near the cathode, and enter the accelerating area again but with a higher energy than before. Such particles are accelerated to energies much higher than after the first acceleration. This mechanism plays a role in explaining earlier experimental observations of energetic suprathermal electrons in similar discharges.
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