No Arabic abstract
We review the discovery of the neutrino and outline the history of neutrino physics. Many interesting phenomena involving the neutrino are exhibited. We also discuss the long-standing solar neutrino puzzle and the properties of the neutrino which lead to various important results. We present a possible experimental test of the neutrino property. In addition, neutrino oscillation and neutrino spin precession are also demonstrated.
The neutrino oscillations probabilities depend on mass squared differences; in the case of 3-neutrino mixing, there are two independent differences, which have been measured experimentally. In order to calculate the absolute masses of neutrinos, we have conjectured a third relation, in the form of a sum of squared masses. The calculated masses look plausible and are in good agreement with the upper bounds coming from astrophysics.
We discuss the characteristic features of the latent nature of the neutrino mass, according to which, all components of leptonic current can appear in the interaction type dependence. Such a regularity, however, requires the modification of the some denotations in the corresponding formulas of the paper {it On the type of the spin polarization dependence of the neutrino mass and charge} [1]. We will also include in a given letter the full version of the original article with necessary replacements of the structural variables. They of course do not change our implications.
In the literature it is assumed that the parton to hadron fragmentation function cannot be studied by using the lattice QCD method because of the sum over the (unobserved) outgoing hadronic states. However, in this paper we find that since the hadron formation from the partons can be studied by using the lattice QCD method, the parton to hadron fragmentation function can be studied by using the lattice QCD method by using the LSZ reduction formula for the partonic processes.
In this paper we correct previous work on magnetic charge plus a photon mass. We show that contrary to previous claims this system has a very simple, closed form solution which is the Dirac string potential multiplied by a exponential decaying part. Interesting features of this solution are discussed, namely, (i) the Dirac string becomes a real feature of the solution, (ii) the breaking of gauge symmetry via the photon mass leads to a breaking of the rotational symmetry of the monopoles magnetic field, (iii) the Dirac quantization condition is potentially altered.
We argue that the possible new heavy boson resonance of 750 GeV is an ideal candidate as a twin particle of the 125 GeV scalar boson, both emerging from the large mixing of the scalar toponium and scalar gluonium. Assuming that the mixing of the pseudoscalar toponium and pseudoscalar gluonium is small, just like the mixing of the light pseudoscalar quarkonium and pseudoscalar gluonium, the resulting new physical pseudoscalars are lighter than the scalar twins. The discovery of the 750 GeV resonance is possible only with a much more data than for the 125 GeV resonance since only the gluonium component is detectable above the toponium threshold. The CMS announced recently a possible new boson resonance with the mass of roughly 30 GeV in the di-muon channel search. The resonance in the di-muon channel with a similar mass and width was also reported by A. Heister in 2016 in the analysis of the old LEP ALEPH data. If real, this resonance can be interpreted within the plain QCD as a lighter twin of the pseudoscalar toponium and gluonium mixture. The absence of the Higgs scalar should not be considered an obstacle because the nonsingular theory with the UV cutoff fixed by the weak boson masses is superior to the Standard Model since it solves a few SM fundamental problems such as: (1) light neutrinos, (2) dark matter particles to be the heavy Majorana neutrinos and (3) broken lepton and baryon numbers.