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Register a new userLifetime Measurement of the 6s Level of Rubidium
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E. Gomez
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We present a lifetime measurements of the 6s level of rubidium. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on two different samples of rubidium atoms. A vapor cell with variable rubidium density and a sample of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The 5P_{1/2} level serves as the resonant intermediate step for the two step excitation to the 6s level. We detect the decay of the 6s level through the cascade fluorescence of the 5P_{3/2} level at 780 nm. The two samples have different systematic effects, but we obtain consistent results that averaged give a lifetime of 45.57 +- 0.17 ns.
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We present a precise measurement of the lifetime of the 6p 2P_1/2 excited state of a single trapped ytterbium ion (Yb+). A time-correlated single-photon counting technique is used, where ultrafast pulses excite the ion and the emitted photons are coupled into a single-mode optical fiber. By performing the measurement on a single atom with fast excitation and excellent spatial filtering, we are able to eliminate common systematics. The lifetime of the 6p 2P_1/2 state is measured to be 8.12 +/- 0.02 ns.
We present a measurement of the branching fractions for decay from the long-lived $5D_{5/2}$ level in Ba. The branching fraction for decay into the $6S_{1/2}$ ground state was found to be $0.846(25)_{mathrm{stat}}(4)_{mathrm{sys}}$. We also report an improved measurement of the $5D_{5/2}$ lifetime, $tau_{5D_{5/2}}=31.2(0.9)$~s. Together these measurements provide the first experimental determination of transition rates for decay out of the $5D_{5/2}$ level. The low ($<7 times 10^{-12}$~Torr) pressure in the ion trap in which these measurements were made simplified data acquisition and analysis. Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical predictions of the transition rates shows good agreement.
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We present lifetime measurements of the 7S1/2 level and the 6p manifold of rubidium. We use a timecorrelated single-photon counting technique on a sample of 85Rb atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optic trap. The upper state of the 5P1/2 repumping transition serves as the resonant intermediate level for twophoton excitation of the 7s level. A probe laser provides the second step of the excitation, and we detect the decay of atomic fluorescence to the 5P3/2 level at 741 nm. The decay process feeds the 6p manifold that decays to the 5s ground state emitting UV photons. We measure lifetimes of 88.07 +- 0.40 and 120.7 +- 1.2 ns for the 7S1/2 level and 6p manifold, respectively; the hyperfine splitting of the 7S1/2 level is 282.6 +- 1.6 MHz. The agreement with theoretical calculations confirms the understanding of the wave functions involved and provides confidence on the possibility of extracting weak interaction constants from a parity nonconservation measurement.
Data students collect from the typical advanced undergraduate laboratory on Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy (SAS) of rubidium can be used to measure the isotope shift and thus leads to an estimate of the isotopic ground state energy shift. This helps students refine their `picture of the atomic ground state. We describe theoretically why this laboratory works well with free-running laser diodes, demonstrate it experimentally using these lasers tuned to either principal near-infrared transitions, and show an extension of the laboratory using the modulation transfer spectroscopy method.
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