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We calculate the electromagnetic moments and radii of the Delta(1232) in the nonrelativistic quark model, including two-body exchange currents. We show that two-body exchange currents lead to nonvanishing Delta and N-->Delta transition quadrupole moments even if the wave functions have no D-state admixture. The usual explanation based on the single-quark transition model involves D-state admixtures but no exchange currents. We derive a parameter- free relation between the N-->Delta transition quadrupole moment and the neutron charge radius: Q(N-->Delta) = r^2(neutron)/sqrt(2). Furthermore, we calculate the M1 and E2 amplitudes for the process photon + N -->Delta. We find that the E2 amplitude receives sizeable contributions from exchange currents. These are more important than the ones which result from D-state admixtures due to tensor forces between quarks if a reasonable quark core radius of about 0.6 fm is used. We obtain a ratio of E2/M1=-3.5%.
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The E2/M1 ratio (EMR) of the $Delta$(1232) is extracted from the world data in pion photoproduction by means of an Effective Lagrangian Approach (ELA).This quantity has been derived within a crossing symmetric, gauge invariant, and chiral symmetric Lagrangian model which also contains a consistent modern treatment of the $Delta$(1232) resonance. The textit{bare} s-channel $Delta$(1232) contribution is well isolated and Final State Interactions (FSI) are effectively taken into account fulfilling Watsons theorem. The obtained EMR value, EMR$=(-1.30pm0.52)$%, is in good agreement with the latest lattice QCD calculations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 021601 (2005)] and disagrees with results of current quark model calculations.
We investigate the model dependence and the importance of choice of database in extracting the {it physical} nucleon-Delta(1232) electromagnetic transition amplitudes, of interest to QCD and baryon structure, from the pion photoproduction observables. The model dependence is found to be much smaller than the range of values obtained when different datasets are fitted. In addition, some inconsistencies in the current database are discovered, and their affect on the extracted transition amplitudes is discussed.
We discuss the pole mass and the width of the $Delta(1232)$ resonance to third order in chiral effective field theory. In our calculation we choose the complex-mass renormalization scheme (CMS) and show that the CMS provides a consistent power-counting scheme. In terms of the pion-mass dependence, we compare the convergence behavior of the CMS with the small-scale expansion (SSE).
We report on new p$(e,e^prime p)pi^circ$ measurements at the $Delta^{+}(1232)$ resonance at the low momentum transfer region. The mesonic cloud dynamics is predicted to be dominant and rapidly changing in this kinematic region offering a test bed for chiral effective field theory calculations. The new data explore the low $Q^2$ dependence of the resonant quadrupole amplitudes while extending the measurements of the Coulomb quadrupole amplitude to the lowest momentum transfer ever reached. The results disagree with predictions of constituent quark models and are in reasonable agreement with dynamical calculations that include pion cloud effects, chiral effective field theory and lattice calculations. The reported measurements suggest that improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements.
We calculate the strong couplings of pions to the Delta(1232) resonance using a QCD parameterization method that includes in addition to the usual one-quark also two-quark and previously uncalculated three-quark operators. We find that three-quark operators are necessary to obtain results consistent with the data and other QCD based baryon structure models. Our results are also in quantitative agreement with a model employing large D state admixtures to the nucleon and Delta wave functions indicating that the pion-nucleon and pion-Delta couplings are sensitive to the spatial shape of these baryons.
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