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Register a new userEquation of State of Nuclear Matter at high baryon density
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A central issue in the theory of astrophysical compact objects and heavy ion reactions at intermediate and relativistic energies is the Nuclear Equation of State (EoS). On one hand, the large and expanding set of experimental and observational data is expected to constrain the behaviour of the nuclear EoS, especially at density above saturation, where it is directly linked to fundamental processes which can occur in dense matter. On the other hand, theoretical predictions for the EoS at high density can be challenged by the phenomenological findings. In this topical review paper we present the many-body theory of nuclear matter as developed along different years and with different methods. Only nucleonic degrees of freedom are considered. We compare the different methods at formal level, as well as the final EoS calculated within each one of the considered many-body schemes. The outcome of this analysis should help in restricting the uncertainty of the theoretical predictions for the nuclear EoS.
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Born in the aftermath of core collapse supernovae, neutron stars contain matter under extraordinary conditions of density and temperature that are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. In recent years, neutron star observations have begun to yield novel insights into the nature of strongly interacting matter in the high-density regime where current theoretical models are challenged. At the same time, chiral effective field theory has developed into a powerful framework to study nuclear matter properties with quantified uncertainties in the moderate-density regime for modeling neutron stars. In this article, we review recent developments in chiral effective field theory and focus on many-body perturbation theory as a computationally efficient tool for calculating the properties of hot and dense nuclear matter. We also demonstrate how effective field theory enables statistically meaningful comparisons between nuclear theory predictions, nuclear experiments, and observational constraints on the nuclear equation of state.
To explore the structure of the QCD phase diagram in high baryon density domain, several high-energy nuclear collision experiments in a wide range of beam energies are currently performed or planned using many accelerator facilities. In these experiments search for a first-order phase transition and the QCD critical point is one of the most important topics. To find the signature of the phase transition, experimental data should be compared to appropriate dynamical models which quantitatively describe the process of the collisions. In this study we develop a new dynamical model on the basis of the non-equilibrium hadronic transport model JAM and 3+1D hydrodynamics. We show that the new model reproduce well the experimental beam-energy dependence of hadron yields and particle ratio by the partial thermalization of the system in our core-corona approach.
It is very difficult for any nuclear model to pin down the saturation property and high-density equation of state (EOS) simultaneously because of high nonlinearity of the nuclear many-body problem. In this work, we propose, for the first time, to use the special property of light kaonic nuclei to characterize the relation between saturation property and high-density EOS. With a series of relativistic mean-field models, this special property is found to be the level inversion between orbitals $2S_{1/2}$ and $1D_{5/2}$ in light kaonic nuclei. This level inversion can serve as a theoretical laboratory to group the incompressibility at saturation density and the EOS at supra-normal densities simultaneously.
We consider the (3+1) dimensional expansion and cooling of the chirally-restored and deconfined matter at finite net-baryon densities as expected in heavy-ion collisions at moderate energies. In our approach, we consider chiral fields and the Polyakov loop as dynamical variables coupled to a medium represented by a quark-antiquark fluid. The interaction between the fields and the fluid leads to dissipation and noise, which in turn affect the field fluctuations. We demonstrate how inhomogeneities in the net-baryon density may form during an evolution through the spinodal region of the first-order phase transition. For comparison, the dynamics of transition through the crossover and critical end point is also considered.
Double strangeness $Xi^{-}$ production in Au+Au collisions at 2, 4, and 6 GeV/nucleon incident beam energies is studied with the pure hadron cascade version of a multi-phase transport model. It is found that due to larger nuclear compression, the model with the soft equation of state (EoS) gives larger yields of both single strangeness ($K^{+}$ and $Lambda+Sigma^{0}$) and double strangeness $Xi^{-}$. The sensitivity of the double strangeness $Xi^{-}$ to the EoS is evidently larger than that of $K^{+}$ or $Lambda+Sigma^{0}$ since the phase-space distribution of produced $Xi^{-}$ is more compact compared to those of the single strangeness. The larger sensitivity of the yields ratio of $Xi^{-}$ to the EoS from heavy and light systems is kept compared to that of the single strangeness. The study of $Xi^{-}$ production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions provides an alternative for the ongoing heavy-ion collision program at facilities worldwide for identifying the EoS at high densities, which is relevant to the investigation of the phase boundary and onset of deconfinement of dense nuclear matter.
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