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Register a new userZnWO_4 crystals as detectors for double beta decay and dark matter experiments
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Energy resolution, alpha/beta ratio, and the pulse shape discrimination ability of the ZnWO_4 crystal scintillators were studied. The radioactive contamination of a ZnWO_4 crystal was investigated in the Solotvina Underground Laboratory. Possibilities to apply ZnWO_4 crystals for the dark matter and double beta decay searches are discussed. New improved half-life limits on double beta decay in zinc isotopes were established, in particular, for ECbeta^+ decay of 64-Zn as: T_1/2^2nu > 8.9 10^18 yr and T_1/2^0nu > 3.6 10^18 yr, both at 68% CL.
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We investigate several Pb$(n,ngamma$) and Ge$(n,ngamma$) reactions. We measure $gamma$-ray production from Pb$(n,ngamma$) reactions that can be a significant background for double-beta decay experiments which use lead as a massive inner shield. Particularly worrisome for Ge-based double-beta decay experiments are the 2041-keV and 3062-keV $gamma$ rays produced via Pb$(n,ngamma$). The former is very close to the ^{76}Ge double-beta decay endpoint energy and the latter has a double escape peak energy near the endpoint. Excitation $gamma$-ray lines from Ge$(n,ngamma$) reactions are also observed. We consider the contribution of such backgrounds and their impact on the sensitivity of next-generation searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay using enriched germanium detectors.
Solar neutrinos interact within double-beta decay (BB) detectors and contribute to backgrounds for BB experiments. Background contributions due to charge-current solar neutrino interactions with BB nuclei of $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{100}$Mo, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, and $^{150}$Nd are evaluated. They are shown to be significant for future high-sensitivity BB experiments that may search for Majorana neutrino masses in the inverted-hierarchy mass region. The impact of solar neutrino backgrounds and their reduction are discussed for future BB experiments.
Cryogenic bolometers, with their excellent energy resolution, flexibility in material, and availability in high purity, are excellent detectors for the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Kilogram-size single crystals of TeO_2 are utilized in CUORICINO for an array with a total detector mass of 40.7 kg. CUORICINO currently sets the most stringent limit on the halflife of Te-130 of T > 2.4x10^{24} yr (90% C.L.), corresponding to a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass in the range of < 0.2-0.9 eV. Based on technology developed for CUORICINO and its predecessors, CUORE is a next-generation experiment designed to probe neutrino mass in the range of 10 - 100 meV. Latest results from CUORICINO and overview of the progress and current status of CUORE are presented.
Energy resolution, alpha/beta ratio, pulse-shape discrimination for gamma rays and alpha particles, radioactive contamination were studied with neodymium doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG:Nd). Applicability of YAG:Nd scintillators to search for double beta decay and alpha activity of natural neodymium isotopes are discussed.
The background induced by radioactive impurities of $^{208}rm Tl$ and $^{214}rm Bi$ in the source of the double beta experiment NEMO-3 has been investigated. New methods of data analysis which decrease the background from the above mentioned contamination are identified. The techniques can also be applied to other double beta decay experiments capable of measuring independently the energies of the two electrons.
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