Let $H$ be a character Hopf algebra. Every right coideal subalgebra that contains the coradical has a PBW-basis which can be extended up to a PBW-basis of $H.$
We offer a complete classification of right coideal subalgebras which contain all group-like elements for the multiparameter version of the quantum group $U_q(mathfrak{sl}_{n+1})$ provided that the main parameter $q$ is not a root of 1. As a consequence, we determine that for each subgroup $Sigma $ of the group $G$ of all group-like elements the quantum Borel subalgebra $U_q^+ (mathfrak{sl}_{n+1})$ containes $(n+1)!$ different homogeneous right coideal subalgebras $U$ such that $Ucap G=Sigma .$ If $q$ has a finite multiplicative order $t>2,$ the classification remains valid for homogeneous right coideal subalgebras of the multiparameter version of the Lusztig quantum group $u_q (frak{sl}_{n+1}).$ In the paper we consider the quantifications of Kac-Moody algebras as character Hopf algebras [V.K. Kharchenko, A combinatorial approach to the quantifications of Lie algebras, Pacific J. Math., 203(1)(2002), 191- 233].
We study graded right coideal subalgebras of Nichols algebras of semisimple Yetter-Drinfeld modules. Assuming that the Yetter-Drinfeld module admits all reflections and the Nichols algebra is decomposable, we construct an injective order preserving and order reflecting map between morphisms of the Weyl groupoid and graded right coideal subalgebras of the Nichols algebra. Here morphisms are ordered with respect to right Duflo order and right coideal subalgebras are ordered with respect to inclusion. If the Weyl groupoid is finite, then we prove that the Nichols algebra is decomposable and the above map is bijective. In the special case of the Borel part of quantized enveloping algebras our result implies a conjecture of Kharchenko. Key words: Hopf algebra, quantum group, root system, Weyl group
Let $mathfrak g$ be a Kac-Moody algebra. We show that every homogeneous right coideal subalgebra $U$ of the multiparameter version of the quantized universal enveloping algebra $U_q(mathfrak{g}),$ $q^m eq 1$ containing all group-like elements has a triangular decomposition $U=U^-otimes_{{bf k}[F]} {bf k}[H] otimes_{{bf k}[G]} U^+$, where $U^-$ and $ U^+$ are right coideal subalgebras of negative and positive quantum Borel subalgebras. However if $ U_1$ and $ U_2$ are arbitrary right coideal subalgebras of respectively positive and negative quantum Borel subalgebras, then the triangular composition $ U_2otimes_{{bf k}[F]} {bf k}[H]otimes_{{bf k}[G]} U_1$ is a right coideal but not necessary a subalgebra. Using a recent combinatorial classification of right coideal subalgebras of the quantum Borel algebra $U_q^+(mathfrak{so}_{2n+1}),$ we find a necessary condition for the triangular composition to be a right coideal subalgebra of $U_q(mathfrak{so}_{2n+1}).$ If $q$ has a finite multiplicative order $t>4,$ similar results remain valid for homogeneous right coideal subalgebras of the multiparameter version of the small Lusztig quantum groups $u_q({frak g}),$ $u_q(frak{so}_{2n+1}).$
We develop a direct method to recover an orthoalgebra from its poset of Boolean subalgebras. For this a new notion of direction is introduced. Directions are also used to characterize in purely order-theoretic terms those posets that are isomorphic to the poset of Boolean subalgebras of an orthoalgebra. These posets are characterized by simple conditions defining orthodomains and the additional requirement of having enough directions. Excepting pathologies involving maximal Boolean subalgebras of four elements, it is shown that there is an equivalence between the category of orthoalgebras and the category of orthodomains with enough directions with morphisms suitably defined. Furthermore, we develop a representation of orthodomains with enough directions, and hence of orthoalgebras, as certain hypergraphs. This hypergraph approach extends the technique of Greechie diagrams and resembles projective geometry. Using such hypergraphs, every orthomodular poset can be represented by a set of points and lines where each line contains exactly three points.
We show that for any discrete semigroup $X$ the semigroup operation can be extended to a right-topological semigroup operation on the space $G(X)$ of inclusion hyperspaces on $X$. We detect some important subsemigroups of $G(X)$, study the minimal ideal, the (topological) center, left cancelable elements of $G(X)$, and describe the structure of the semigroups $G(IZ_n)$ for small numbers $n$.