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Register a new userComputable structures of rank omega_1^{CK}
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We obtain a computable structure of Scott rank omega_1^{CK} (call this ock), and give a general coding procedure that transforms any hyperarithmetical structure A into a computable structure A such that the rank of A is ock, ock+1, or < ock iff the same is true of A.
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In this paper, we investigate connections between structures present in every generic extension of the universe $V$ and computability theory. We introduce the notion of {em generic Muchnik reducibility} that can be used to to compare the complexity of uncountable structures; we establish basic properties of this reducibility, and study it in the context of {em generic presentability}, the existence of a copy of the structure in every extension by a given forcing. We show that every forcing notion making $omega_2$ countable generically presents some countable structure with no copy in the ground model; and that every structure generically presentble by a forcing notion that does not make $omega_2$ countable has a copy in the ground model. We also show that any countable structure $mathcal{A}$ that is generically presentable by a forcing notion not collapsing $omega_1$ has a countable copy in $V$, as does any structure $mathcal{B}$ generically Muchnik reducible to a structure $mathcal{A}$ of cardinality $aleph_1$. The former positive result yields a new proof of Harringtons result that counterexamples to Vaughts conjecture have models of power $aleph_1$ with Scott rank arbitrarily high below $omega_2$. Finally, we show that a rigid structure with copies in all generic extensions by a given forcing has a copy already in the ground model.
The Hanf number for a set $S$ of sentences in $L_{omega_1,omega}$ (or some other logic) is the least infinite cardinal $kappa$ such that for all $varphiin S$, if $varphi$ has models in all infinite cardinalities less than $kappa$, then it has models of all infinite cardinalities. S-D. Friedman asked what is the Hanf number for Scott sentences of computable structures. We show that the value is $beth_{omega_1^{CK}}$. The same argument proves that $beth_{omega_1^{CK}}$ is the Hanf number for Scott sentences of hyperarithmetical structures.
In partial answer to a question posed by Arnie Miller (http://www.math.wisc.edu/~miller/res/problem.pdf) and X. Caicedo, we obtain sufficient conditions for an L_{omega_1,omega} theory to have an independent axiomatization. As a consequence we obtain two corollaries: The first, assuming Vaughts Conjecture, every L_{omega_1,omega} theory in a countable language has an independent axiomatization. The second, this time outright in ZFC, every intersection of a family of Borel sets can be formed as the intersection of a family of independent Borel sets.
We investigate computable metrizability of Polish spaces up to homeomorphism. In this paper we focus on Stone spaces. We use Stone duality to construct the first known example of a computable topological Polish space not homeomorphic to any computably metrized space. In fact, in our proof we construct a right-c.e. metrized Stone space which is not homeomorphic to any computably metrized space. Then we introduce a new notion of effective categoricity for effectively compact spaces and prove that effectively categorical Stone spaces are exactly the duals of computably categorical Boolean algebras. Finally, we prove that, for a Stone space $X$, the Banach space $C(X;mathbb{R})$ has a computable presentation if, and only if, $X$ is homeomorphic to a computably metrized space. This gives an unexpected positive partial answer to a question recently posed by McNicholl.
We use set-theoretic tools to make a model-theoretic contribution. In particular, we construct a emph{single} $mathcal{L}_{omega_1,omega}$-sentence $psi$ that codes Kurepa trees to prove the consistency of the following: (1) The spectrum of $psi$ is consistently equal to $[aleph_0,aleph_{omega_1}]$ and also consistently equal to $[aleph_0,2^{aleph_1})$, where $2^{aleph_1}$ is weakly inaccessible. (2) The amalgamation spectrum of $psi$ is consistently equal to $[aleph_1,aleph_{omega_1}]$ and $[aleph_1,2^{aleph_1})$, where again $2^{aleph_1}$ is weakly inaccessible. This is the first example of an $mathcal{L}_{omega_1,omega}$-sentence whose spectrum and amalgamation spectrum are consistently both right-open and right-closed. It also provides a positive answer to a question in [18]. (3) Consistently, $psi$ has maximal models in finite, countable, and uncountable many cardinalities. This complements the examples given in [1] and [2] of sentences with maximal models in countably many cardinalities. (4) $2^{aleph_0}<aleph_{omega_1}<2^{aleph_1}$ and there exists an $mathcal{L}_{omega_1,omega}$-sentence with models in $aleph_{omega_1}$, but no models in $2^{aleph_1}$. This relates to a conjecture by Shelah that if $aleph_{omega_1}<2^{aleph_0}$, then any $mathcal{L}_{omega_1,omega}$-sentence with a model of size $aleph_{omega_1}$ also has a model of size $2^{aleph_0}$. Our result proves that $2^{aleph_0}$ can not be replaced by $2^{aleph_1}$, even if $2^{aleph_0}<aleph_{omega_1}$.
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