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Register a new userOn the Construction of Scattering Amplitudes for Spinning Massless Particles
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In this paper the general form of scattering amplitudes for massless particles with equal spins s ($s s to s s$) or unequal spins ($s_a s_b to s_a s_b$) are derived. The imposed conditions are that the amplitudes should have the lowest possible dimension, have propagators of dimension $m^{-2}$, and obey gauge invariance. It is shown that the number of momenta required for amplitudes involving particles with s > 2 is higher than the number implied by 3-vertices for higher spin particles derived in the literature. Therefore, the dimension of the coupling constants following from the latter 3-vertices has a smaller power of an inverse mass than our results imply. Consequently, the 3-vertices in the literature cannot be the first interaction terms of a gauge-invariant theory. When no spins s > 2 are present in the process the known QCD, QED or (super) gravity amplitudes are obtained from the above general amplitudes.
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We revisit the classical theory of a relativistic massless charged point particle with spin and interacting with an external electromagnetic field. In particular, we give a proper definition of its kinetic energy and its total energy, the latter being conserved when the external field is stationary. We also write the conservation laws for the linear and angular momenta. Finally, we find that the particles velocity may differ from $c$ as a result of the spin---electromagnetic field interaction, without jeopardizing Lorentz invariance.
Loop amplitudes for massless five particle scattering processes contain Feynman integrals depending on the external momentum invariants: pentagon functions. We perform a detailed study of the analyticity properties and cut structure of these functions up to two loops in the planar case, where we classify and identify the minimal set of basis functions. They are computed from the canonical form of their differential equations and expressed in terms of generalized polylogarithms, or alternatively as one-dimensional integrals. We present analytical expressions and numerical evaluation routines for these pentagon functions, in all kinematical configurations relevant to five-particle scattering processes.
Motivated by the conduction properties of graphene discovered and studied in the last decades, we consider the quantum dynamics of a massless, charged, spin 1/2 relativistic particle in three dimensional space-time, in the presence of an electrostatic field in various configurations such as step or barrier potentials and generalizations of them. The field is taken as parallel to the y coordinate axis and vanishing outside of a band parallel to the x axis. The classical theory is reviewed, together with its canonical quantization leading to the Dirac equation for a 2-component spinor. Stationary solutions are numerically found for each of the field configurations considered, fromwhich we calculate the mean quantum trajectories of the particle and compare them with the corresponding classical trajectories, the latter showing a classical version of the Klein phenomenon. Transmission and reflection probabilities are also calculated, confirming the Klein phenomenon.
We emphasize that scattering amplitudes of a wide class of models to any order in the coupling are constructible by on-shell tree subamplitudes. This follows from the Feynman-tree theorem combined with BCFW on-shell recursion relations. In contrast to the usual Feynman diagrams, no virtual particles appear.
We complete the analytic calculation of the full set of two-loop Feynman integrals required for computation of massless five-particle scattering amplitudes. We employ the method of canonical differential equations to construct a minimal basis set of transcendental functions, pentagon functions, which is sufficient to express all planar and nonplanar massless five-point two-loop Feynman integrals in the whole physical phase space. We find analytic expressions for pentagon functions which are manifestly free of unphysical branch cuts. We present a public library for numerical evaluation of pentagon functions suitable for immediate phenomenological applications.
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