No Arabic abstract
An important operation in generalized complex geometry is the Courant bracket which extends the Lie bracket that acts only on vectors to a pair given by a vector and a p-form. We explore the possibility of promoting the elements of the Courant bracket to physical fields by constructing a geometric action based on the Kirillov-Kostant symplectic form. For the $p=0$ forms, the action generalizes Polyakovs two-dimensional quantum gravity when viewed as the geometric action for the Virasoro algebra. We show that the geometric action arising from the centrally extended Courant bracket for the vector and zero form pair is similar to the geometric action obtained from the semi-direct product of the Virasoro algebra with a U(1) affine Kac-Moody algebra. For arbitrary $p$ restricted to a Dirac structure, we derived the geometric action and exhibit generalizations for almost complex structures built on the Kirillov-Kostant symplectic form. In the case of p+1 dimensional submanifolds, we also discuss a generalization of a Kahler structure on the orbits.
We consider two different constructions of higher brackets. First, based on a Grassmann-odd, nilpotent Delta operator, we define a non-commutative generalization of the higher Koszul brackets, which are used in a generalized Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra, and we show that they form a homotopy Lie algebra. Secondly, we investigate higher, so-called derived brackets built from symmetrized, nested Lie brackets with a fixed nilpotent Lie algebra element Q. We find the most general Jacobi-like identity that such a hierarchy satisfies. The numerical coefficients in front of each term in these generalized Jacobi identities are related to the Bernoulli numbers. We suggest that the definition of a homotopy Lie algebra should be enlarged to accommodate this important case. Finally, we consider the Courant bracket as an example of a derived bracket. We extend it to the big bracket of exterior forms and multi-vectors, and give closed formulas for the higher Courant brackets.
The quantum deformation of the Poisson bracket is the Moyal bracket. We construct quantum deformation of the Dirac bracket for systems which admit global symplectic basis for constraint functions. Equivalently, it can be considered as an extension of the Moyal bracket to second-class constraints systems and to gauge-invariant systems which become second class when gauge-fixing conditions are imposed.
Nambu proposed an extension of dynamical system through the introduction of a new bracket (Nambu bracket) in 1973. This article is a short review of the developments after his paper. Some emphasis are put on a viewpoint that the Nambu bracket naturally describes extended objects which appear in M-theory and the fluid dynamics. The latter part of the paper is devoted to a review of the studies on the Nambu bracket (Lie 3-algebra) in Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson theory of multiple M2-branes. This paper is a contribution to the proceedings of Nambu memorial symposium (Osaka City University, September 29, 2015).
In this paper we find an explicit formula for the most general vector evolution of curves on $RP^{n-1}$ invariant under the projective action of $SL(n,R)$. When this formula is applied to the projectivization of solution curves of scalar Lax operators with periodic coefficients, one obtains a corresponding evolution in the space of such operators. We conjecture that this evolution is identical to the second KdV Hamiltonian evolution under appropriate conditions. These conditions give a Hamiltonian interpretation of general vector differential invariants for the projective action of $SL(n,R)$, namely, the $SL(n,R)$ invariant evolution can be written so that a general vector differential invariant corresponds to the Hamiltonian pseudo-differential operator. We find common coordinates and simplify both evolutions so that one can attempt to prove the equivalence for arbitrary $n$.
We develop the covariant phase space formalism allowing for non-vanishing flux, anomalies and field dependence in the vector field generators. We construct a charge bracket that generalizes the one introduced by Barnich and Troessaert and includes contributions from the Lagrangian and its anomaly. This bracket is uniquely determined by the choice of Lagrangian representative of the theory. We then extend the notion of corner symmetry algebra to include the surface translation symmetries and prove that the charge bracket provides a canonical representation of the extended corner symmetry algebra. This representation property is shown to be equivalent to the projection of the gravitational equations of motion on the corner, providing us with an encoding of the bulk dynamics in a locally holographic manner.