We calculate the diffraction slope $B_{D}$ for diffractive DIS. We find a counterintuitive rise of $B_{D}$ from exclusive diffractive excitation of vector mesons to excitation of continuum states with $M^{2} sim Q^{2}$. For the small-mass continuum we predict a rapid variation of $B_{D}$ with $M^{2}$ on the scale $m_{V}^{2}$ and a sharp drop of $B_{D}$ for a small-mass continuum above the vector meson excitation.
LPS provides access to new fundamental observables: the diffraction cone and azimuthal asymmetries. Diffraction cone has a unique rise of $B_T$ from the exclusive limit to excitation of continuum $M^2 approx Q^2$ which is in striking contrast to experience with real photoproduction and hadronic diffraction. Azimuthal asymmetry is large and pQCD calculable at large $beta$ and can be measured with LPS. It allows testing of the pQCD prediction of $L/T >> 1$.
A new method of extracting diffractive parton distributions is presented which avoids the use of Regge theory ansatz and is in much closer relation with the factorisation theorem for diffractive hard processes.
We report on investigations concerning the production of large transverse momentum jets in DIS diffractive dissociation. These processes constitute a new class of events that allow for a clean test of perturbative QCD and of the hard (perturbative) pomeron picture. The measurement of the corresponding cross sections might possibly serve to determine the gluon density of the proton.
HERA data on diffractive DIS show deviations from twist 2 DGLAP predictions below $Q^2sim 5$ GeV$^2$ at low pomeron $xi$, which may reach up to 100%. These deviations are consistent with higher twists effects extracted from the saturation model. It is a first direct evidence for the higher twists in DIS. This finding affects determination of the diffractive parton densities that are used for the predictions at the LHC.
We discuss recent theoretical results on diffractive deeply inelastic scattering, focusing on the partonic picture of diffraction in configuration space and the predictions for the beta behavior and the scaling violation.