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In this paper we present the derivation as well as the numerical results for all electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon within the chiral quark soliton model in the semiclassical quantization scheme. The model is based on a semibosonized Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio lagrangean where the boson fields are treated as classical ones. Other observables, namely the nucleon mean squared radii, the magnetic moments and the nucleon--$Delta$ splitting are calculated as well. The calculations have been done taking into account the quark sea polarization effects. The final results, including rotational $1/N_c$ corrections, are compared with the existing experimental data and they are found to be in a good agreement for the constituent quark mass of $400-420$ MeV.
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In this paper we present the derivation as well as the numerical results for all electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon within the semibosonized Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (chiral quark soliton) model. Other observables, namely the nucleon mean squared radii, the magnetic moments and the nucleon--$Delta$ splitting are also computed. The calculation has been done taking into account the quark sea polarization effects. The final results, including rotational $1/N_c$ corrections, are compared with the existent experimental data and they are found to be in a good agreement for the constituent quark mass of $400$--$420 MeV$.
Although the distributions of sea quarks and antiquarks generated by leading-twist QCD evolution through gluon splitting $g rightarrow bar q q$ are necessarily CP symmetric, the distributions of nonvalence quarks and antiquarks which are intrinsic to the nucleons bound state wavefunction need not be identical. In this paper we investigate the sea quark/antiquark asymmetries in the nucleon wavefunction which are generated by a light-cone model of energetically-favored meson-baryon fluctuations. The model predicts striking quark/antiquark asymmetries in the momentum and helicity distributions for the down and strange contributions to the proton structure function: the intrinsic $d$ and $s$ quarks in the proton sea are predicted to be negatively polarized, whereas the intrinsic $bar d$ and $bar s$ antiquarks give zero contributions to the proton spin. Such a picture is supported by experimental phenomena related to the proton spin problem and the violation of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule. The light-cone meson-baryon fluctuation model also suggests a structured momentum distribution asymmetry for strange quarks and antiquarks which could be relevant to an outstanding conflict between two different determinations of the strange quark sea in the nucleon. The model predicts an excess of intrinsic $d bar d$ pairs over $u bar u$ pairs, as supported by the Gottfried sum rule violation. We also predict that the intrinsic charm and anticharm helicity and momentum distributions are not identical.
We study the helicity distributions of light flavor quark-antiquark ($q bar{q}$) pairs in the nucleon sea. The valence quarks are handled by adopting the light-cone SU(6) quark-spectator-diquark model and the sea $q bar{q}$ pairs are treated from statistical consideration by introducing the helicity suppression factors $l_q(x)$ and $bar l_q(x)$ to parametrize the helicity distributions of q-flavor sea quark and antiquark respectively, while $Delta l_q(x)=l_q(x)-bar l_q(x)$ represents a combined effect of helicity contribution due to sea $q bar{q}$ pairs. From fitting the nucleon polarization asymmetries $A^N_1$ in inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes and the single-spin asymmetries $A^{W^{pm}}_L$ in Drell-Yan type processes, we find a significant asymmetry between the quark and antiquark helicity distributions of the nucleon sea. Therefore the quark-antiquark asymmetry of helicity distributions of nucleon sea $q bar{q}$ pairs, i.e., $Delta q_s(x) eq Delta bar q_s(x)$, plays an important role for a comprehensive understanding of the nucleon spin content.
It is now widely recognized that a key to unravel the nonperturbative chiral-dynamics of QCD hidden in the deep-inelastic-scattering observables is the flavor structure of sea-quark distributions in the nucleon. We analyze the flavor structure of the nucleon sea in both of the unpolarized and longitudinally polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) within a single theoretical framework of the flavor SU(3) chiral quark soliton model (CQSM), which contains only one adjustable parameter $Delta m_s$, the effective mass difference between the strange and nonstrange quarks. A particular attention is paid to a nontrivial correlation between the flavor asymmetry of the unpolarized and longitudinally polarized sea-quark distributions and also to a possible particle-antiparticle asymmetry of the strange quark distributions in the nucleon. We also investigate the charge-symmetry-violation (CSV) effects in the parton distribution functions exactly within the same theretical framework, which is expected to provide us with valuable information on the relative importance of the asymmetry of the strange and antistrange distributions and the CSV effects in the valence-quark distributions inside the nucleon in the resolution scenario of the so-called NuTeV anomaly in the extraction of the Weinberg angle.
One of the primary goals of the spin program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is to determine the polarization of the sea quarks and gluons in the proton. The polarization of the sea quarks is probed through the production of $W^{-(+)}$ bosons via the annihilation of $bar{u}+d,(bar{d}+u)$, at leading order. In this proceedings we report measurements of the single-spin asymmetry, $A_{L}$, for $W$ boson production at $sqrt{s} = 510$ GeV, and the new constraints these results place on the antiquark helicity distributions. Recent results on the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, $A_{LL}$, for inclusive and di-jet production at $sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV are also presented. The inclusive jet results provide the first experimental indication of non-zero gluon polarization in the $x$ range probed at RHIC.
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