No Arabic abstract
Higher order corrections to the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation have been estimated by introducing a rapidity veto which forbids subsequent emissions to be very close in rapidity and is known to mimic higher order corrections to the linear BFKL equation. The rapidity veto constraint has been first introduced using analytical arguments obtaining a power growth with energy, Q_s (Y) ~ exp(lambda Y), of the saturation scale of lambda ~ 0.45. Then a numerical analysis for the non-linear Balitsky-Kovchegov equation has been carried out for phenomenological rapidities: when a veto of about two units of rapidity is introduced for a fixed value of the coupling constant of alpha_s = 0.2 the saturation scale lambda decreases from ~ 0.6 to ~ 0.3, and when running coupling effects are taken into account it decreases from ~ 0.4 to ~ 0.3.
Non-linearity of the current-phase relationship of a Josephson junction is the key resource for a Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA), the only device in which the quantum limit has so far been achieved at microwave frequencies. A standard approach to describe JPA takes into account only the lowest order (cubic) non-linearity resulting in a Duffing-like oscillator equation of motion or in a Kerr-type non-linearity term in the Hamiltonian. In this paper we derive the quantum expression for the gain of JPA including all orders of the Josephson junction non-linearity in the linear response regime. We then analyse gain saturation effect for stronger signals within semi-classical approach. Our results reveal non-linear effects of higher orders and their implications for operation of a JPA.
Using the dipole picture for electron-nucleus deep inelastic scattering at small Bjorken $x$, we study the effects of gluon saturation in the nuclear target on the cross-section for SIDIS (single inclusive hadron, or jet, production). We argue that the sensitivity of this process to gluon saturation can be enhanced by tagging on a hadron (or jet) which carries a large fraction $z simeq 1$ of the longitudinal momentum of the virtual photon. This opens the possibility to study gluon saturation in relatively hard processes, where the virtuality $Q^2$ is (much) larger than the target saturation momentum $Q_s^2$, but such that $z(1-z)Q^2lesssim Q_s^2$. Working in the limit $z(1-z)Q^2ll Q_s^2$, we predict new phenomena which would signal saturation in the SIDIS cross-section. For sufficiently low transverse momenta $k_perpll Q_s$ of the produced particle, the dominant contribution comes from elastic scattering in the black disk limit, which exposes the unintegrated quark distribution in the virtual photon. For larger momenta $k_perpgtrsim Q_s$, inelastic collisions take the leading role. They explore gluon saturation via multiple scattering, leading to a Gaussian distribution in $k_perp$ centred around $Q_s$. When $z(1-z)Q^2ll Q^2$, this results in a Cronin peak in the nuclear modification factor (the $R_{pA}$ ratio) at moderate values of $x$. With decreasing $x$, this peak is washed out by the high-energy evolution and replaced by nuclear suppression ($R_{pA}<1$) up to large momenta $k_perpgg Q_s$. Still for $z(1-z)Q^2ll Q_s^2$, we also compute SIDIS cross-sections integrated over $k_perp$. We find that both elastic and inelastic scattering are controlled by the black disk limit, so they yield similar contributions, of zeroth order in the QCD coupling.
The very precise combined HERA data provides a testing ground in which the relevance of novel QCD regimes, other than the successful linear DGLAP evolution, in small-x inclusive DIS data can be ascertained. We present a study of the dependence of the AAMQS fits, based on the running coupling BK non-linear evolution equations (rcBK), on the fitted dataset. This allows for the identification of the kinematical region where rcBK accurately describes the data, and thus for the determination of its applicability boundary. We compare the rcBK results with NNLO DGLAP fits, obtained with the NNPDF methodology with analogous kinematical cuts. Further, we explore the impact on LHC phenomenology of applying stringent kinematical cuts to the low-x HERA data in a DGLAP fit.
We study the evolution of higher-order nonclassicality and entanglement criteria in atmospheric fluctuating-loss channels. By formulating input-output relations for the matrix of moments, we investigate the influence of such channels on the corresponding quantumness criteria. This generalization of our previous work on Gaussian entanglement [M. Bohmann et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 010302(R) (2016)] not only exploits second-order-based scenarios, but it also provides a detailed investigation of nonclassicality and entanglement in non-Gaussian and multimode radiation fields undergoing a fluctuating attenuation. That is, various examples of criteria and states are studied in detail, unexpected effects, e.g., the dependency of the squeezing transfer on the coherent displacement, are discovered, and it is demonstrated that non-Gaussian entanglement can be more robust against atmospheric losses than Gaussian one. Additionally, we propose a detection scheme for measuring the considered moments after propagation through the atmosphere. Therefore, our results may help to develop, improve, and optimize non-Gaussian sources of quantum light for applications in free-space quantum communication.
In the paper we propose and solve analytically the non-linear evolution equation in the leading twist approximation for the Odderon contribution. We found three qualitative features of this solution, which differs the Odderon contribution from the Pomeron one :(i) the behaviour in the vicinity of the saturation scale cannot be derived from the linear evolution in a dramatic difference with the Pomeron case; (ii) a substantial decrease of the Odderon contribution with the energy; and (iii) the lack of geometric scaling behaviour. The two last features have been seen in numerical attempts to solve the Odderon equation.