No Arabic abstract
We deduce the particle distributions in particle collisions with multihadron-production in the framework of mechanical statistics. They are derived as functions of x, P_T^2 and the rest mass of different species for a fixed total number of all produced particles, inelasticity and total transverse energy. For P_T larger than the mass of each particle we get the behaviour frac{dn_i}{dP_T} sim sqrt{P_T} e^{-frac{P_T}{T_H}} Values of <P_T>_pi, <P_T>_K, and <P_T>_{bar{p}} in agreement with experiment are found by taking T_H=180MeV (the Hagedorn temperature).
Relativistic heavy ion collisions are studied taking the exact conservation of baryon number, strangeness and charge explicitly into account.
A short historical review is made of charged particle production at high energy proton synchrotrons and at pp and {p}p colliders. The review concerns mainly low p_t processes, including diffraction processes, and fragmentation of nuclei in nucleus-nucleus collisions. A short recollection is made of the first studies of high p_t processes. Conclusions and perspectives follow.
Event generators are an indispensable tool for the preparation and analysis of particle-physics experiments. In this contribution, physics principles underlying the construction of such computer programs are discussed. Results, within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, obtained with a new event generator are presented. This generator is capable to describe signal processes for exotic physics and their backgrounds at electron-positron and proton-(anti)proton colliders.
Analytical formulae for the calculation of secondary particle yields in p-A interactions are given. These formulae can be of great practical importance for fast calculations of neutrino fluxes and for designing new neutrino beam-lines. The formulae are based on a parameterization of the inclusive invariant cross sections for secondary particle production measured in p-Be interactions. Data collected in different energy ranges and kinematic regions are used. The accuracy of the fit to the data with the empirical formulae adopted is within the experimental uncertainties. Prescriptions to extrapolate this parameterization to finite targets and to targets of different materials are given. The results obtained are then used as an input for the simulation of neutrino beams. We show that our approach describes well the main characteristics of measured neutrino spectra at CERN. Thus it may be used in fast simulations aiming at the optimisation of the proposed long-baseline neutrino beams at CERN and FNAL. In particular we will show our predictions for the CNGS beam from CERN to Gran Sasso.
The estimate based on the parton model is made on the rate of production of Super Heavy Particle ( SHP ) in subthreshold collision of heavy ions at LHC. For the one month run of lead-lead collision the yield of 16 TeV particle is of the order of 70 per year.