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Register a new userThe Josephson Bifurcation Amplifier for Quantum Measurements
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We have constructed a new type of amplifier whose primary purpose is the readout of superconducting quantum bits. It is based on the transition of an RF-driven Josephson junction between two distinct oscillation states near a dynamical bifurcation point. The main advantages of this new amplifier are speed, high-sensitivity, low back-action, and the absence of on-chip dissipation. Using pulsed microwave techniques, we demonstrate bifurcation amplification in nanofabricated Al junctions and verify that the performance predicted by theory is attained.
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We have constructed a new type of amplifier whose primary purpose is the readout of superconducting quantum bits. It is based on the transition of an RF-driven Josephson junction between two distinct oscillation states near a dynamical bifurcation point. The main advantages of this new amplifier are speed, high-sensitivity, low back-action, and the absence of on-chip dissipation. Pulsed microwave reflection measurements on nanofabricated Al junctions show that actual devices attain the performance predicted by theory.
Amplifiers based on Josephson junctions allow for a fast and noninvasive readout of superconducting qubits. Motivated by the ongoing progress toward the realization of fault-tolerant qubits based on Majorana bound states, we investigate the topological counterpart of the Josephson bifurcation amplifier. We predict that the bifurcation dynamics of a topological Josephson junction driven in the appropriate parameter regime may be used as an additional tool to detect the emergence of Majorana bound states.
We analyzed the Josephson bifurcation amplifier (JBA) readout process of a superconducting qubit quantum mechanically. This was achieved by employing numerical analyses of the dynamics of the density operator of a driven nonlinear oscillator and a qubit coupled system during the measurement process. In purely quantum cases, the wavefunction of the JBA is trapped in a quasienergy-state, and bifurcation is impossible. Introducing decoherence enables us to reproduce the bifurcation with a finite hysteresis. Moreover, we discuss in detail the dynamics involved when a qubit is initially in a superposition state. We have observed the qubit-probe (JBA) entangled state and it is divided into two separable states at the moment of the JBA transition begins. This corresponds to projection. To readout the measurement result, however, we must wait until the two JBA states are macroscopically well separated. The waiting time is determined by the strength of the decoherence in the JBA.
We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier, comprising a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator terminated by a dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). An external field (the pump, $sim 20$ GHz) modulates the flux threading the dc SQUID, and, thereby, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, $sim 10$ GHz), which leads to parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers, and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.
We performed magnetic field and frequency tunable electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of an Er$^{3+}$ doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal by observing the change in flux induced on a direct current-superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) loop of a tunable Josephson bifurcation amplifer. The observed spectra show multiple transitions which agree well with the simulated energy levels, taking into account the hyperfine and quadrupole interactions of $^{167}$Er. The sensing volume is about 0.15 pl, and our inferred measurement sensitivity (limited by external flux noise) is approximately $1.5times10^4$ electron spins for a 1 s measurement. The sensitivity value is two orders of magnitude better than similar schemes using dc-SQUID switching readout.
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