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Added by
S. Anantha Ramakrishna
Publication date
2002
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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In a recent Physical Review Letter [1] Valanju Walser and Valanju (VWV) called into question the basis of work on the so called negative index media (NIM). See for example [2,3]. The key point at issue is, `what is the group velocity of a wave in NIM?
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We consider the extension of optical meta-materials to matter waves. We show that the generic property of pulsed comoving magnetic fields allows us to fashion the wave-number dependence of the atomic phase shift. It can be used to produce a transient negative group velocity of an atomic wave packet, which results into a negative refraction of the matter wave. Application to slow metastable argon atoms Ar*(3P2) shows that the device is able to operate either as an efficient beam splitter or an atomic meta-lens. Implications of meta-media in atom optics are considered.
Negative-index refraction is achieved in a lamellar composite with epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) materials stacked alternatively. Based on the effective medium approximation, simultaneously negative effective permittivity and permeability of such a lamellar composite are obtained theoretically and further proven by full-wave simulations. Consequently, the famous left-handed metamaterial comprising split ring resonators and wires is interpreted as an analogy of such an ENG-MNG lamellar composite. In addition, beyond the effective medium approximation, the propagating field squeezed near the ENG/MNG interface is demonstrated to be left-handed surface waves with backward phase velocity.
A wedge-shaped structure made of split-ring resonators (SRR) and wires is numerically simulated to evaluate its refraction behavior. Four frequency bands, namely, the stop band, left-handed band, ultralow-index band, and positive-index band, are distinguished according to the refracted field distributions. Negative phase velocity inside the wedge is demonstrated in the left-handed band and the Snells law is conformed in terms of its refraction behaviors in different frequency bands. Our results confirmed that negative index of refraction indeed exists in such a composite metamaterial and also provided a convincing support to the results of previous Snells law experiments.
We find that the function that describes the surface of spherical aberration free lenses can be used for both positive and negative refractive index media. With the inclusion of negative index, this function assumes the form of all the conic sections and expands the theory of aplanatic optical surfaces. There are two different symmetry centers with respect to the index that create an asymmetric relationship between positive and negative index lens profiles. In the thin lens limit the familiar formulas for image position and magnification hold for any index.
There are three widely-used conditions for characterizing negative refraction in isotropic dielectric-magnetic materials. Here we demonstrate that whilst all the different conditions are equivalent for purely passive media, they are distinct if active media are considered. Further, these criteria can also be applied to negative refraction in acoustic materials, where we might replace the dielectric permittivity $epsilon$ with a bulk modulus $kappa$, and the magnetic permeability $mu$ with the mass density $rho$.
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