Molecules dominate the cooling function of neutral metal-poor gas at high density. Observation of molecules at high redshift is thus an important tool toward understanding the physical conditions prevailing in collapsing gas. Up to now, detections are sparse because of small filling factor and/or sensitivity limitations. However, we are at an exciting time where new capabilities offer the propect of a systematic search either in absorption using the UV Lyman-Werner H2 bands or in emission using the CO emission lines redshifted in the sub-millimeter.
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