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Register a new userLi in NGC 6752 and the formation of globular clusters
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Added by
Piercarlo Bonifacio
Publication date
2005
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Authors
L. Pasquini
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Li abundances for 9 Turnoff (TO) stars of the intermediate metallicity cluster ([Fe/H]=-1.4) NGC6752 are presented. The cluster is known to show abundance anomalies and anticorrelations observed in both evolved and main sequence stars. We find that Li abundance anticorrelates with Na (and N) and correlates with O in these Turn-Off stars. For the first time we observe Pop II hot dwarfs systematically departing from the Spite plateau. The observed anticorrelations are in qualitative agreement with what is expected if the original gas were contaminated by Intermediate Mass AGB - processed material. However, a quantitative comparison shows that none of the existing models can reproduce all the observations at once. The very large amount of processed gas present in the cluster does not imply a pollution, but rather that the whole protocluster cloud was enriched by a previous generation of stars. We finally note that the different abundance patterns in NGC 6397 and NGC 6752 imply different ejecta of the preenrichment composition for the two clusters.
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We derive relative proper motions of stars in the fields of globular clusters M4, M12, M22, NGC 3201, NGC 6362 and NGC 6752 based on a uniform data set collected between 1997 and 2008. We assign a membership class for each star with a measured proper motion, and show that these membership classes can be successfully used to eliminate field stars from color-magnitude diagrams of the clusters. They also allow for the efficient selection of rare objects such as blue/yellow/red stragglers and stars from the asymptotic giant branch. Tables with proper motions and photometry of over 87000 stars are made publicly available via the Internet.
We present measurements of the neutron-capture elements Rb and Pb in five giant stars of the globular cluster NGC 6752 and Pb measurements in four giants of the globular cluster M 13. The abundances were derived by comparing synthetic spectra with high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra obtained using HDS on the Subaru telescope and MIKE on the Magellan telescope. The program stars span the range of the O-Al abundance variation. In NGC 6752, the mean abundances are [Rb/Fe] = -0.17 +/- 0.06 (sigma = 0.14), [Rb/Zr] = -0.12 +/- 0.06 (sigma = 0.13), and [Pb/Fe] = -0.17 +/- 0.04 (sigma = 0.08). In M 13 the mean abundance is [Pb/Fe] = -0.28 +/- 0.03 (sigma = 0.06). Within the measurement uncertainties, we find no evidence for a star-to-star variation for either Rb or Pb within these clusters. None of the abundance ratios [Rb/Fe], [Rb/Zr], or [Pb/Fe] are correlated with the Al abundance. NGC 6752 may have slightly lower abundances of [Rb/Fe] and [Rb/Zr] compared to the small sample of field stars at the same metallicity. For M 13 and NGC 6752 the Pb abundances are in accord with predictions from a Galactic chemical evolution model. If metal-poor intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars did produce the globular cluster abundance anomalies, then such stars do not synthesize significant quantities of Rb or Pb. Alternatively, if such stars do synthesize large amounts of Rb or Pb, then they are not responsible for the abundance anomalies seen in globular clusters.
Elemental correlations and anti-correlations are known to be present in globular clusters (GCs) owing to pollution by CNO cycled gas. Because of its fragility Li is destroyed at the temperature at which the CNO cycling occurs, and this makes Li a crucial study for the nature of the contaminating stars. We observed 112 un-evolved stars at the Turnoff of the NGC6752 cluster with FLAMES at the VLT to investigate the presence and the extent of a Li-O correlation. This correlation is expected if there is a simple pollution scenario. Li (670.8 nm) and O triplet (771 nm) abundances are derived in NLTE. All stars belong to a very narrow region of the color-magnitude diagram, so they have similar stellar parameters (Teff, log g). We find that O and Li correlate, with a high statistical significance that confirms the early results for this cluster. At first glance this is what is expected if a simple pollution of pristine gas with CNO cycled gas (O-poor, Li-poor) occurred. The slope of the relationship, however, is about 0.4, and differs from unity by over 7 Sigma. A slope of one is the value predicted for a pure contamination model. We confirm an extended Li-O correlation in non evolved stars of NGC 6752. At the same time the characteristic of the correlation shows that a simple pollution scenario is not sufficient to explain the observations. Within this scenario the contaminant gas must have been enriched in Li. This would rule out massive stars as main polluters, and favor the hypothesis that the polluting gas was enriched by intermediate or high-mass AGB stars, unless the former can be shown to be able to produce Li. According to our observations, the fraction of polluting gas contained in the stars observed is a considerable fraction of the stellar mass of the cluster.
We report the discovery of CXOU J191100-595621 and CXOU J191012-595619, two galaxy clusters serendipitously detected in the direction of globular cluster NGC 6752, based on archival {it Chandra} observations with a total exposure time of $sim 344$ ks. The deep {it Chandra} X-ray data enabled us to measure properties of both systems, which result in a redshift of $z=0.239pm0.013$ and $z=0.375pm0.016$, a temperature of $kT=3.32^{+0.57}_{-0.46}$ keV and $kT=3.71^{+1.18}_{-0.86}$ keV, an iron abundance of $Z_{rm Fe}=0.64^{+0.34}_{-0.29}Z_{rm Feodot}$ and $Z_{rm Fe}=1.29^{+0.97}_{-0.65}Z_{rm Feodot}$, and a rest-frame full band (0.5-7 keV) luminosity of $L_{rm X}=9.2^{+1.2}_{-1.1}times 10^{43} {rm , erg, s^{-1}}$ and $L_{rm X}=9.9^{+2.7}_{-2.2}times 10^{43} {rm , erg, s^{-1}}$ for CXOU J191100-595621 and CXOU J191012-595619, respectively. The temperature profile of CXOU J191100-595621 is found to decreases with decreasing radius, indicating a cool core in this cluster. The hydrostatic equilibrium estimation suggests the clusters are moderately weighted, with $M_{500}=(1.3pm0.4)times 10^{14}, M_{odot}$ and $M_{500}=(2.0pm1.5)times 10^{14}, M_{odot}$, respectively. We search for optical and radio counterparts of X-ray point sources in the clusters. Three active galactic nuclei are found, among which one is identified with a narrow-angle-tail radio galaxy, and one is found to associated with the brightest central galaxy (BCG) of CXOU J191100-595621.
We present N abundances for 21 bright giants in the globular cluster NGC 6752 based on high-resolution UVES spectra of the 3360A NH lines. We confirm that the Stromgren c1 index traces the N abundance and find that the star-to-star N abundance variation is 1.95 dex, at the samples luminosity. We find statistically significant correlations, but small amplitude variations, between the abundances of N and alpha-, Fe-peak, and s-process elements. Analyses using model atmospheres with appropriate N, O, Na, and Al abundances would strengthen, rather than mute, these correlations. If the small variations of heavy elements are real, then the synthesis of the N anomalies must take place in stars which also synthesize alpha-, Fe-peak, and s-process elements. These correlations offer support for contributions from both AGB and massive stars to the globular cluster abundance anomalies.
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