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Register a new userObservations of Solar Flare Doppler Shift Oscillations with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer on Yohkoh
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John T. Mariska
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Oscillations in solar coronal loops appear to be a common phenomenon. Transverse and longitudinal oscillations have been observed with both the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer and Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope imaging experiments. Damped Doppler shift oscillations have been observed in emission lines from ions formed at flare temperatures with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation Spectrometer. These observations provide valuable diagnostic information on coronal conditions and may help refine our understanding of coronal heating mechanisms. I have initiated a study of the time dependence of Doppler shifts measured during flares with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. This Letter reports the detection of oscillatory behavior in Doppler shifts measured as a function of time in the emission lines of S XV and Ca XIX. For some flares, both lines exhibit damped Doppler shift oscillations with amplitudes of a few km/s and periods and decay times of a few minutes. The observations appear to be consistent with transverse oscillations. Because the BCS observed continuously for almost an entire solar cycle, it provides numerous flare data sets, which should permit an excellent characterization of the average properties of the oscillations.
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This paper reports the results of a survey of Doppler shift oscillations measured during solar flares in emission lines of S XV and Ca XIX with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) on Yohkoh. Data from 20 flares that show oscillatory behavior in the measured Doppler shifts have been fitted to determine the properties of the oscillations. Results from both BCS channels show average oscillation periods of 5.5 +/- 2.7 minutes, decay times of 5.0 +/-2.5 minutes, amplitudes of 17.1 +/- 17.0 km/s, and inferred displacements of 1070 +/- 1710 km, where the listed errors are the standard deviations of the sample means. For some of the flares, intensity fluctuations are also observed. These lag the Doppler shift oscillations by 1/4 period, strongly suggesting that the oscillations are standing slow mode waves. The relationship between the oscillation period and the decay time is consistent with conductive damping of the oscillations.
Damped Doppler shift oscillations have been observed in emission lines from ions formed at flare temperatures with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory and with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer on Yohkoh. This Letter reports the detection of low-amplitude damped oscillations in coronal emission lines formed at much lower temperatures observed with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on the Hinode satellite. The oscillations have an amplitude of about 2 km/s, and a period of around 35 min. The decay times show some evidence for a temperature dependence with the lowest temperature of formation emission line (Fe XII 195.12 Angstroms) exhibiting a decay time of about 43 min, while the highest temperature of formation emission line (Fe XV 284.16 Angstroms) shows no evidence for decay over more than two periods of the oscillation. The data appear to be consistent with slow magnetoacoustic standing waves, but may be inconsistent with conductive damping.
Low-amplitude Doppler-shift oscillations have been observed in coronal emission lines in a number of active regions with the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on the Hinode satellite. Both standing and propagating waves have been detected and many periods have been observed, but a clear picture of all the wave modes that might be associated with active regions has not yet emerged. In this study, we examine additional observations obtained with EIS in plage near an active region on 2007 August 22--23. We find Doppler-shift oscillations with amplitudes between 1 and 2 km/s in emission lines ranging from Fe XI 188.23 Angstroms, which is formed at log T = 6.07 to Fe XV 284.16 Angstroms, which is formed at log T = 6.32. Typical periods are near 10 minutes. We also observe intensity and density oscillations for some of the detected Doppler-shift oscillations. In the better-observed cases, the oscillations are consistent with upwardly propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves. Simultaneous observations of the Ca II H line with the Hinode Solar Optical Telescope Broadband Filter Imager show some evidence for 10-minute oscillations as well.
Spatially averaged (> 50) EUV spectral lines in the transition region of solar quiet regions are known to be redshifted. Because the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear, we require additional physical information on the lower corona for limiting the theoretical models. To acquire this information, we measured the Doppler shifts over a wide coronal temperature range (log T[K]=5.7--6.3) using the spectroscopic data taken by the Hinode EUV Imaging Spectrometer. By analyzing the data over the center-to-limb variations covering the meridian from the south to the north pole, we successfully measured the velocity to an accuracy of 3 km/s. Below log T[K] = 6.0, the Doppler shifts of the emission lines were almost zero with an error of 1--3 km/s; above this temperature, they were blueshifted with a gradually increasing magnitude, reaching - 6.3 +/- 2.1 km/s at log T[K]=6.25.
The sunspot-associated sources at the frequency of 17 GHz give information on plasma parameters in the regions of magnetic field about B=2000 G at the level of the chromosphere-corona transition region. The observations of short period (from 1 to 10 minutes) oscillations in sunspots reflect propagation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the magnetic flux tubes of the sunspots. We investigate the oscillation parameters in active regions in connection with their flare activity. We confirm the existence of a link between the oscillation spectrum and flare activity. We find differences in the oscillations between pre-flare and post-flare phases. In particular, we demonstrate a case of powerful three-minute oscillations that start just before the burst. This event is similar to the cases of the precursors investigated by Sych, R. et al. (Astron. Astrophys., vol.505, p.791, 2009). We also found well-defined eight-minute oscillations of microwave emission from sunspot. We interpret our observations in terms of a relationship between MHD waves propagating from sunspot and flare processes.
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