No Arabic abstract
Near IR spectra obtained with ISAAC at VLT, have been used to pose constraints on the evolutionary state and accretion properties of a sample of five embedded YSOs located in the R CrA core. This sample includes three Class I sources (HH100 IR, IRS2 and IRS5), and two sources with NIR excesses (IRS6 and IRS3). Absorption lines have been detected in the medium resolution spectra of all the observed targets, together with emission lines likely originating in the disk-star-wind connected regions. We derived spectral types, veiling and stellar luminosity of the five observed sources, which in turn have been used to infer their mass and age adopting pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks. We find that in HH100 IR and IRS2 most of the bolometric luminosity is due to accretion, while the other three investigated sources, including the Class I object IRS5a, present a low accretion activity (L_{acc}/L_{bol} < 0.2). We observe a general correlation between the accretion luminosity, the IR veiling and the emission line activity of the sources. A correlation between the accretion activity and the spectral energy distribution slope is recognizable but with the notable exception of IRS5a. Our analysis therefore shows how the definition of the evolutionary stage of deeply embedded YSOs by means of IR colors needs to be more carefully refined.
We performed a spectroscopic survey toward five intermediate-mass class I YSOs located in the Southern Vela molecular cloud in the L and M bands at resolving powers 600-800 up to 10,000, using the Infrared Spectrometer and Array Camera mounted on the VLT-ANTU. Lower mass companion objects were observed simultaneously in both bands. Solid H2O at 3 micron is detected in all sources, including the companion objects. CO ice at 4.67 micron is detected in a few main targets and one companion object. One object (LLN 19) shows little CO ice but strong gas-phase CO ro-vibrational lines in absorption. The CO ice profiles are different from source to source. The amount of water ice and CO ice trapped in a water-rich mantle may correlate with the flux ratio at 12 and 25 micron. The abundance of H2O-rich CO likely correlates with that of water ice. A weak feature at 3.54 mu attributed to solid CH3OH and a broad feature near 4.62 mu are observed toward LLN17, but not toward the other sources. The derived abundances of solid CH3OH and OCN- are ~10% and ~1% of the H2O ice abundance respectively. The H2O optical depths do not show an increase with envelope mass, nor do they show lower values for the companion objects compared with the main protostar. The line-of-sight CO ice abundance does not correlate with the source bolometric luminosity. Comparison of the solid CO profile toward LLN17, which shows an extremely broad CO ice feature, and that of its lower mass companion at a few thousand AU, which exhibits a narrow profile, together with the detection of OCN- toward LLN17 provide direct evidences for local thermal processing of the ice.
Within the NaCo-ISPY exoplanet imaging program, we aim at detecting and characterizing the population of low-mass companions at wide separations ($gtrsim$10AU), focusing in particular on young stars either hosting a known protoplanetary disk or a debris disk. R CrA is one of the youngest (1-3 Myr) and most promising objects in our sample because of two previous studies that suggested the presence of a close companion. Our aim is to directly image and characterize the companion for the first time. We observed R CrA twice with the NaCo instrument at VLT in the $L$ filter with a one year time baseline in between. The high-contrast imaging data were reduced and analyzed, and in both datasets the companion candidate was detected. The companion is detected at a separation of $196.8pm4.5$/$196.6pm5.9$ mas ($18.7pm1.3$/$18.7pm1.4$ AU) and position angle of $134.7pm0.5^circ/133.7pm0.7^circ$ in the first/second epoch observation. We measure a contrast of $7.29pm0.18$/$6.70pm0.15$ mag with respect to the primary. Stellar proper motion study rejects the hypothesis of the signal being a background object. The companion candidate orbits in the clockwise direction and, if on a face-on circular orbit, its period is $sim43-47$ yr. This value disagrees with the estimated orbital motion and therefore a face-on circular orbit may be excluded. Depending on the assumed age, extinction and brightness of the primary, the stellar companion has a mass between $0.10pm0.02, M_odot$ and $1.03^{+0.20}_{-0.18},M_odot$ range, if no contribution from circumsecondary material is taken into account. The presence of the companion needs to be taken into account when analyzing the complex circumstellar environment of R CrA.
High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the W UMa-type binary Epsilon CrA obtained as a time monitoring sequence on four full and four partial nights within two weeks have been used to derive orbital elements of the system and discuss the validity of the Lucy model for description of the radial-velocity data. The observations had more extensive temporal coverage and better quality than similar time-sequence observations of the contact binary AW UMa. The two binaries share several physical properties with both showing very similar deviations from the Lucy model: The primary component is a rapidly-rotating star almost unaffected by the presence of the secondary component, while the latter is embedded in a complex gas flow and appears to have its own rotation-velocity field, in contradiction to the model. The spectroscopic mass ratio is found to be larger than the one derived from the light-curve analysis, similarly as in many other W UMa-type binaries, but this discrepancy for Epsilon CrA is relatively minor suggesting a systematic problem with one of the observational methods commonly affecting other determinations. The presence of the complex velocity flows contradicting the solid-body rotation assumption suggest a necessity of modification to the Lucy model, possibly along the lines outlined by Stepien (2009) in his concept of the energy transfer between the binary components.
R~CrA is the brightest member of the Coronet star forming region and it is the closest Herbig AeBe star with a spectrum dominated by emission lines. Its luminosity has been monitored since the end of the 19th century, but the origin of its variability, which shows a stable period of $65.767pm 0.007$~days, is still unknown. We studied photometric and spectroscopic data for this star to investigate the nature of the variability of R~CrA. We exploited the fact that near infrared luminosity of the Herbig AeBe stars is roughly proportional to the total luminosity of the stars to derive the absorption, and then mass and age of R~CrA. In addition, we model the periodic modulation of the light curve as due to partial attenuation of a central binary by a circumbinary disk. This model reproduces very well the observations. We found that the central object in R~CrA is a very young ($1.5pm 1.5$~Myr), highly absorbed ($A_V=5.47pm 0.4$~mag) binary; we obtain masses of $M_A=3.02pm 0.43$~M$_odot$ and $M_B=2.32pm 0.35$~M$_odot$ for the two components. We propose that the secular decrease of the R~CrA apparent luminosity is due to a progressive increase of the disk absorption. This might be related to precession of a slightly inclined disk caused by the recently discovered M-dwarf companion. Thus, R~CrA may be a triple system hosting a disk.
We analyze high resolution spectroscopic observations of the optical afterglow of GRB050730, obtained with UVES@VLT about hours after the GRB trigger. The spectrum shows that the ISM of the GRB host galaxy at z = 3.967 is complex, with at least five components contributing to the main absorption system. We detect strong CII*, SiII*, OI* and FeII* fine structure absorption lines associated to the second and third component. For the first three components we derive information on the relative distance from the site of the GRB explosion. Component 1, which has the highest redshift, does not present any fine structure nor low ionization lines; it only shows very high ionization features, such as CIV and OVI, suggesting that this component is very close to the GRB site. From the analysis of low and high ionization lines and fine structure lines, we find evidences that the distance of component 2 from the site of the GRB explosion is 10-100 times smaller than that of component 3. We evaluated the mean metallicity of the z=3.967 system obtaining values about 0.01 of the solar metallicity or less. However, this should not be taken as representative of the circumburst medium, since the main contribution to the hydrogen column density comes from the outer regions of the galaxy while that of the other elements presumably comes from the ISM closer to the GRB site. Furthermore, difficulties in evaluating dust depletion correction can modify significantly these values. The mean [C/Fe] ratio agrees well with that expected by single star-formation event models. Interestingly the [C/Fe] of component 2 is smaller than that of component 3, in agreement with GRB dust destruction scenarios, if component 2 is closer than component 3 to the GRB site.