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Register a new userDeep spectroscopy of the low-metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxy SBS 0335-052
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The results of deep long-slit spectroscopy of the extremely low-metallicity blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy SBS 0335-052 are presented. Down to intensity levels of 10^{-3 ... -4} of Hbeta, unprecedented for spectroscopy of extra-galactic giant H II regions, we detect numerous weak permitted and forbidden nebular lines in the brightest part of the galaxy. With varying degrees of confidence, the detections include lines of high-ionization ions like Fe^{4+} -Fe^{6+}, implying very hard ionizing radiation. Two broad emission features, possibly from Wolf-Rayet stars, and stellar He II 4200 absorption are seen in the same region. The large spatial extent of He II 4686 emission (implying the presence of sufficient ionizing photons with energies above 54 eV) and the spatial distribution of the electron temperature suggest that at least some part of the hard radiation is associated with shocks. Extended Halpha emission is detected over ~ 6 - 8 kpc, a much larger area than in previous studies, suggesting that hot ionized gas is spread out far away from the central ionizing clusters. This shows that nebular line and continuous emission can significantly modify the colours of these extended regions and must be taken into account in studies of the underlying stellar population.
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We present the results of HI mapping with the NRAO VLA of one of the most metal-deficient blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies known, SBS 0335-052, with an oxygen abundance of only 1/40 that of the Sun. We study the structure and dynamics of the neutral gas in this chemically young object with a spatial resolution of 20.5x15 (~ 5.4 x 3.9 kpc at an assumed distance of 54.3 Mpc), a sensitivity at the 2sigma detection level of ~2.0K or 7.5x10^19 cm^-2 and a velocity resolution of 21.2 km s^-1. We detected a large HI complex associated with this object with an overall size of about 66 by 22 kpc and elongated in the East-West direction. There are two prominent, slightly resolved peaks visible in the integrated HI map, separated in the East-West direction by 22 kpc (84). The eastern peak is nearly coincident with the position of the optical galaxy SBS 0335-052. The western peak is about a factor of 1.3 brighter in the HI line and is identified with a faint blue compact dwarf galaxy, SBS 0335-052W, with m_B = 19.4, and a metallicity close to the lowest values known for BCDs, about 1/50 that of the Sun. The radial velocities of both systems are similar, suggesting that the two BCDs SBS 0335-052 and SBS 0335-052W constitute a pair of dwarf galaxies embedded in a common HI envelope. Alternatively, the BCDs can be the nuclei of two distinct interacting primordial HI clouds. The estimated total dynamical mass, assuming the BCDs form a bound system, is larger than 6x10^9 Msun. This is to be compared to a total gaseous mass M_gas = 2.1x10^9 Msun, and a total stellar mass Mstar < 10^8 Msun. Hence, the mass of the SBS 0335-052 system is dominated by dark matter (abridged).
We present FUSE spectroscopy of SBS 0335-052, the second most metal-deficient blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy known (log O/H = -4.70). In addition to the H I Lyman series, we detect C II, N I, N II, O I, Si II, Ar I and Fe II absorption lines, mainly arising from the extended H I envelope in which SBS 0335-052 is embedded. No H2 absorption lines are seen. The absence of diffuse H2 implies that the warm H2 detected through infrared emission must be very clumpy and associated with the star-forming regions.The clumps should be denser than ~ 1000 cm^-3 and hotter than ~ 1000 K and account for > 5% of the total H I mass. Although SBS 0335-052 is a probable young galaxy, its neutral gas is not pristine. The metallicity of its neutral gas is similar to that of its ionized gas and is equal log O/H ~ -5. This metallicity is comparable to those found in the H I envelopes of four other BCDs with ionized gas metallicities spanning the wide range from log O/H = -4.8 to log O/H = -3.8, and in Ly-alpha absorbers, fueling the speculation that there may have been previous enrichment of the primordial neutral gas to a common metallicity level of log O/H ~ -5, possibly by Population III stars.
(abridged) We present deep archival VLT/FORS1+UVES spectroscopic observations of the system of two blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies SBS 0335-052E and SBS 0335-052W. Our aim is to derive element abundances in different HII regions of this unique system of galaxies and to study spatial abundance variations. We determine abundances of helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, sulfur, chlorine, argon and iron. The oxygen abundance in the brighter eastern galaxy varies in the range 7.11 to 7.32 in different HII regions supporting previous findings and suggesting the presence of oxygen abundance variations on spatial scales of ~1-2 kpc. The oxygen abundance in the brightest region No.1 of SBS 0335-052W is 7.22+/-0.07, consistent with previous determinations.Three other HII regions are much more metal-poor with an unprecedently low oxygen abundance of 12+logO/H=7.01+/-0.07 (region No.2), 6.98+/-0.06 (region No.3), and 6.86+/-0.14 (region No.4). These are the lowest oxygen abundances ever derived in emission-line galaxies. Helium abundances derived for the brightest HII regions of both galaxies are mutually consistent. We derive weighted mean He mass fractions of 0.2485+/-0.0012 and 0.2514+/-0.0012 for two different sets of HeI emissivities. The N/O abundance ratio in both galaxies is slightly higher than that derived for other BCDs with 12+logO/H<7.6. This implies that the N/O in extremely metal-deficient galaxies could increase with decreasing metallicity.
We present the results of spectrophotometry and V,R,I, Halpha CCD photometry of the blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy SBS 0940+544. Broad-band images taken with the 2.1m KPNO and 1.23m Calar Alto telescopes reveal a compact high-surface-brightness H II region with ongoing star formation, located at the northwestern tip of the elongated low surface brightness (LSB) main body of the BCD. High signal-to-noise 4.5m Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) and 10m Keck II telescope long-slit spectroscopy of SBS 0940+544 is used to derive element abundances of the ionized gas in the brightest H II region and to study the stellar population in the host galaxy. The oxygen abundance in the brightest region with strong emission lines is 12+log(O/H) = 7.46-7.50, or 1/29-1/26 solar, in agreement with earlier determinations and among the lowest for BCDs. Hbeta and Halpha emission lines and Hdelta and Hgamma absorption lines are detected in a large part of the main body. Three methods are used to put constraints on the age of the stellar population at different positions along the major axis. They are based on (a) the equivalent widths of the emission lines, (b) the equivalent widths of the absorption lines and (c) the spectral energy distributions (SED). Several scenarios of star formation have been considered. The observed properties in the main body can be reproduced by a continuous star formation process which started not earlier than 100 Myr ago, if a small extinction is assumed. However, the observations can be reproduced equally well by a stellar population forming continuously since 10 Gyr ago, if the star formation rate has increased during the last 100 Myr in the main body of SBS 0940+544 by at least a factor of five. In summary, we find no compelling evidence which favors either a young or an old age of SBS 0940+544.
We present an X-ray study of the three most metal-deficient blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies known in the local Universe, based on deep Chandra observations of SBS 0335-052 (0.025 solar abundance), SBS 0335-052W (0.02 solar abundance) and I Zw 18 (0.02 solar abundance). All three are detected, with more than 90% of their X-ray emission arising from point-like sources. The 0.5-10.0 keV luminosities of these point sources are in the range (1.3-8.5)x1e39 erg/s. We interpret them to be single or a collection of high-mass X-ray binaries, the luminosities of which may have been enhanced by the low metallicity of the gas. There are hints of faint extended diffuse X-ray emission in both SBS 0335-052 and I Zw 18, probably associated with the superbubbles visible in both BCDs. The spectrum of I Zw 18 shows a OVIII hydrogen-like emission line. The best spectral fit gives an O overabundance of the gas in the X-ray point source by a factor of ~7 with respect to the Sun, or a factor of ~350 with respect to the O abundance determined for the HII region.
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