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Neutrino mixing parameters are subject to quantum corrections and hence are scale dependent. This means that the mixing parameters associated to the production and detection of neutrinos need not coincide since these processes are characterized by different energy scales. We show that, in the presence of relatively light new physics, the scale dependence of the mixing parameters can lead to observable consequences in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, such as T2K and NOvA, and in neutrino telescopes like IceCube. We discuss some of the experimental signatures of this scenario, including zero-baseline flavor transitions, new sources of CP-invariance violation, and apparent inconsistencies among measurements of mixing angles at different experiments or oscillation channels. Finally, we present simple, ultraviolet-complete models of neutrino masses which lead to observable running of the neutrino mixing matrix below the weak scale.
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From the analyses of the recent data of neutrino oscillation experiments (especially the CHOOZ and the Super KAMIOKANDE experiments), we discuss how these data affect the neutrinoless double beta decay ($(beta beta)_{0 u}$) rate and vice versa assuming that neutrinos are Majorana particles. For the case that $m_1 sim m_2 ll m_3$ ($m_i$ are neutrino masses), we obtain, from the data of the CHOOZ and Super KAMIOKANDE, $0.28 le sin^2theta_{23} le 0.76$ and $sin^2theta_{13} le 0.05$. Combining the latter constraint with the analysis of the averaged neutrino mass (< m_ u >) appeared in $(beta beta)_{0 u}$, we find that (frac{< m_ u >-m_2}{m_3-m_2}<sin^2 theta_{13} le 0.05), which leads to the constraint on (< m_ u >) as (< m_ u > le 0.05 m_3+(1-0.05)m_2). For the case that $m_1 ll m_2 sim m_3$, we find that the data of neutrino oscillation experiments and$(beta beta)_{0 u}$ imply the constraints of mixing angles.
Neutrino oscillations physics is entered in the precision era. In this context accelerator-based neutrino experiments need a reduction of systematic errors to the level of a few percent. Today one of the most important sources of systematic errors are neutrino-nucleus cross sections which in the hundreds-MeV to few-GeV energy region are known with a precision not exceeding 20%. In this article we review the present experimental and theoretical knowledge of the neutrino-nucleus interaction physics. After introducing neutrino oscillation physics and accelerator-based neutrino experiments, we overview general aspects of the neutrino-nucleus cross sections, both theoretical and experimental views. Then we focus on these quantities in different reaction channels. We start with the quasielastic and quasielastic-like cross section, putting a special emphasis on multinucleon emission channel which attracted a lot of attention in the last few years. We review the main aspects of the different microscopic models for this channel by discussing analogies and differences among them.The discussion is always driven by a comparison with the experimental data. We then consider the one pion production channel where data-theory agreement remains very unsatisfactory. We describe how to interpret pion data, then we analyze in particular the puzzle related to the impossibility of theoretical models and Monte Carlo to simultaneously describe MiniBooNE and MINERvA experimental results. Inclusive cross sections are also discussed, as well as the comparison between the $ u_mu$ and $ u_e$ cross sections, relevant for the CP violation experiments. The impact of the nuclear effects on the reconstruction of neutrino energy and on the determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters is reviewed. A window to the future is finally opened by discussing projects and efforts in future detectors, beams, and analysis.
Searching for non-standard neutrino interactions, as a means for discovering physics beyond the Standard Model, has one of the key goals of dedicated neutrino experiments, current and future. We demonstrate here that much of the parameter space accessible to such experiments is already ruled out by the RUN II data of the Large Hadron Collider experiment.
We analyze the prospects of a feasible, Brookhaven National Laboratory based, very long baseline (BVLB) neutrino oscillation experiment consisting of a conventional horn produced low energy wide band beam and a detector of 500 kT fiducial mass with modest requirements on event recognition and resolution. Such an experiment is intended primarily to determine CP violating effects in the neutrino sector for 3-generation mixing. We analyze the sensitivity of such an experiment. We conclude that this experiment will allow determination of the CP phase $delta_{CP}$ and the currently unknown mixing parameter $theta_{13}$, if $sin ^2 2 theta_{13} geq 0.01$, a value $sim 15$ times lower than the present experimental upper limit. In addition to $theta_{13}$ and $delta_{CP}$, the experiment has great potential for precise measurements of most other parameters in the neutrino mixing matrix including $Delta m^2_{32}$, $sin^2 2theta_{23}$, $Delta m^2_{21}times sin 2 theta_{12}$, and the mass ordering of neutrinos through the observation of the matter effect in the $ u_mu to u_e$ appearance channel.
We explore the complementarity between terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments and astrophysical/cosmological measurements in probing the existence of sterile neutrinos. We find that upcoming accelerator neutrino experiments will not improve on constraints by the time they are operational, but that reactor experiments can already probe parameter space beyond the reach of Planck. We emphasize the tension between cosmological experiments and reactor antineutrino experiments and enumerate several possibilities for resolving this tension.
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