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Register a new userCombinatorial $k$-systoles on a punctured tori and a pairs of pants
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In this paper, $S$ denotes a hyperbolic surface homeomorphic to a punctured torus or a pairs of pants. Our interest is the study of emph{textbf{combinatorial $k$-systoles}} that is geodesics with self-intersection number greater than $k$ and with minimal combinatorial length. We show that the maximal intersection number $I_k$ of combinatorial $k$-systoles grows like $k$ and $underset{krightarrow+infty}{limsup}(I_k(S)-k)=+infty$. This answer -- in the case of a pairs of pants and a punctured torus -- a weak version of Erlandsson-Palier conjecture, originally stated for the geometric length.
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Given a hyperbolic surface, the set of all closed geodesics whose length is minimal form a graph on the surface, in fact a so-called fat graph, which we call the systolic graph. We study which fat graphs are systolic graphs for some surface (we call these admissible). There is a natural necessary condition on such graphs, which we call combinatorial admissibility. Our first main result is that this condition is also sufficient. It follows that a sub-graph of an admissible graph is admissible. Our second major result is that there are infinitely many minimal non-admissible fat graphs (in contrast, for instance, to the classical result that there are only two minimal non-planar graphs).
We show that the $4d$ ${cal N}=1$ $SU(3)$ $N_f=6$ SQCD is the model obtained when compactifying the rank one E-string theory on a three punctured sphere (a trinion) with a particular value of flux. The $SU(6)times SU(6)times U(1)$ global symmetry of the theory, when decomposed into the $SU(2)^3times U(1)^3times SU(6)$ subgroup, corresponds to the three $SU(2)$ symmetries associated to the three punctures and the $U(1)^3 times SU(6)$ subgroup of the $E_8$ symmetry of the E-string theory. All the puncture symmetries are manifest in the UV and thus we can construct ordinary Lagrangians flowing in the IR to any compactification of the E-string theory. We generalize this claim and argue that the ${cal N}=1$ $SU(N+2)$ SQCD in the middle of the conformal window, $N_f=2N+4$, is the theory obtained by compactifying the $6d$ minimal $(D_{N+3},D_{N+3})$ conformal matter SCFT on a sphere with two maximal $SU(N+1)$ punctures, one minimal $SU(2)$ puncture, and with a particular value of flux. The $SU(2N+4)times SU(2N+4)times U(1)$ symmetry of the UV Lagrangian decomposes into $SU(N+1)^2times SU(2)$ puncture symmetries and the $U(1)^3times SU(2N+4)$ subgroup of the $SO(12+4N)$ symmetry group of the $6d$ SCFT. The models constructed from the trinions exhibit a variety of interesting strong coupling effects. For example, one of the dualities arising geometrically from different pair-of-pants decompositions of a four punctured sphere is an $SU(N+2)$ generalization of the Intriligator-Pouliot duality of $SU(2)$ SQCD with $N_f=4$, which is a degenerate, $N=0$, instance of our discussion.
In this article we explore the relationship between the systole and the diameter of closed hyperbolic orientable surfaces. We show that they satisfy a certain inequality, which can be used to deduce that their ratio has a (genus dependent) upper bound.
We investigate the terms arising in an identity for hyperbolic surfaces proved by Luo and Tan, namely showing that they vary monotonically in terms of lengths and that they verify certain convexity properties. Using these properties, we deduce two results. As a first application, we show how to deduce a theorem of Thurston which states, in particular for closed hyperbolic surfaces, that if a simple length spectrum dominates another, then in fact the two surfaces are isometric. As a second application, we show how to find upper bounds on the number of pairs of pants of bounded length that only depend on the boundary length and the topology of the surface.
Given a topological orientable surface of finite or infinite type equipped with a pair of pants decomposition $mathcal{P}$ and given a base complex structure $X$ on $S$, there is an associated deformation space of complex structures on $S$, which we call the Fenchel-Nielsen Teichmuller space associated to the pair $(mathcal{P},X)$. This space carries a metric, which we call the Fenchel-Nielsen metric, defined using Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates. We studied this metric in the papers cite{ALPSS}, cite{various} and cite{local}, and we compared it to the classical Teichmuller metric (defined using quasi-conformal mappings) and to another metric, namely, the length spectrum, defined using ratios of hyperbolic lengths of simple closed curves metric. In the present paper, we show that under a change of pair of pants decomposition, the identity map between the corresponding Fenchel-Nielsen metrics is not necessarily bi-Lipschitz. The results complement results obtained in the previous papers and they show that these previous results are optimal.
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