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Register a new userA note on inverse results of random walks in Abelian groups
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In this short note we give various near optimal characterizations of random walks over finite Abelian groups with large maximum discrepancy from the uniform measure. We also provide several interesting connections to existing results in the literature.
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For $G$ a finitely generated group and $g in G$, we say $g$ is detected by a normal subgroup $N lhd G$ if $g otin N$. The depth $D_G(g)$ of $g$ is the lowest index of a normal, finite index subgroup $N$ that detects $g$. In this paper we study the expected depth, $mathbb E[D_G(X_n)]$, where $X_n$ is a random walk on $G$. We give several criteria that imply that $$mathbb E[D_G(X_n)] xrightarrow[nto infty]{} 2 + sum_{k geq 2}frac{1}{[G:Lambda_k]}, ,$$ where $Lambda_k$ is the intersection of all normal subgroups of index at most $k$. In particular, the equality holds in the class of all nilpotent groups and in the class of all linear groups satisfying Kazhdan Property $(T)$. We explain how the right-hand side above appears as a natural limit and also give an example where the convergence does not hold.
The cutoff phenomenon was recently confirmed for random walks on Ramanujan graphs by the first author and Peres. In this work, we obtain analogs in higher dimensions, for random walk operators on any Ramanujan complex associated with a simple group $G$ over a local field $F$. We show that if $T$ is any $k$-regular $G$-equivariant operator on the Bruhat-Tits building with a simple combinatorial property (collision-free), the associated random walk on the $n$-vertex Ramanujan complex has cutoff at time $log_k n$. The high dimensional case, unlike that of graphs, requires tools from non-commutative harmonic analysis and the infinite-dimensional representation theory of $G$. Via these, we show that operators $T$ as above on Ramanujan complexes give rise to Ramanujan digraphs with a special property ($r$-normal), implying cutoff. Applications include geodesic flow operators, geometric implications, and a confirmation of the Riemann Hypothesis for the associated zeta functions over every group $G$, previously known for groups of type $widetilde A_n$ and $widetilde C_2$.
We study the asymptotic behaviour of random walks on topological abelian groups $G$. Our main result is a sufficient condition for one random walk to overtake another in the stochastic order induced by any suitably large positive cone $G_+ subseteq G$, assuming that both walks have Radon distributions and compactly supported steps. We explain in which sense our sufficient condition is very close to a necessary one. Our result is a direct application of a recently proven theorem of real algebra, namely a Positivstellensatz for preordered semirings. It is due to Aubrun and Nechita in the one-dimensional case, but new already for $R^n$ with $n > 1$. We use our result to derive a formula for the rate at which the probabilities of a random walk decay relative to those of another, again for walks on $G$ with compactly supported Radon steps. In the case where one walk is a constant, this formula specializes to a version of Cramers large deviation theorem.
We consider a generalised model of a random simplicial complex, which arises from a random hypergraph. Our model is generated by taking the downward-closure of a non-uniform binomial random hypergraph, in which for each $k$, each set of $k+1$ vertices forms an edge with some probability $p_k$ independently. As a special case, this contains an extensively studied model of a (uniform) random simplicial complex, introduced by Meshulam and Wallach [Random Structures & Algorithms 34 (2009), no. 3, pp. 408-417]. We consider a higher-dimensional notion of connectedness on this new model according to the vanishing of cohomology groups over an arbitrary abelian group $R$. We prove that this notion of connectedness displays a phase transition and determine the threshold. We also prove a hitting time result for a natural process interpretation, in which simplices and their downward-closure are added one by one. In addition, we determine the asymptotic behaviour of cohomology groups inside the critical window around the time of the phase transition.
We study the expected volume of random polytopes generated by taking the convex hull of independent identically distributed points from a given distribution. We show that for log-concave distributions supported on convex bodies, we need at least exponentially many (in dimension) samples for the expected volume to be significant and that super-exponentially many samples suffice for concave measures when their parameter of concavity is positive.
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