The first measurements of anti-$k_{T}$ jet energy spectrum and substructure in hadronic $Z$ decays are presented. The archived $e^+e^-$ annihilation data at a center-of-mass energy of 91 GeV were collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP in 1994. The jet substructure was analyzed as a function of jet energy. The results are compared with the perturbative QCD calculations and predictions from the PYTHIA v6.1, SHERPA, and HERWIG v7.1.5 event generators. In this note, jet reconstruction procedure, jet energy calibration, and the performance with archived ALEPH data and Monte Carlo simulations are also documented.