No Arabic abstract
The main objects of the present paper are (i) Hibi rings (toric rings arising from order polytopes of posets), (ii) stable set rings (toric rings arising from stable set polytopes of perfect graphs), and (iii) edge rings (toric rings arising from edge polytopes of graphs satisfying the odd cycle condition). The goal of the present paper is to analyze those three toric rings and to discuss their structures in the case where their class groups have small rank. We prove that the class groups of (i), (ii) and (iii) are torsionfree. More precisely, we give descriptions of their class groups. Moreover, we characterize the posets or graphs whose associated toric rings have rank $1$ or $2$. By using those characterizations, we discuss the differences of isomorphic classes of those toric rings with small class groups.
Three families of posets depending on a nonnegative integer parameter $m$ are introduced. The underlying sets of these posets are enumerated by the $m$-Fuss Catalan numbers. Among these, one is a generalization of Stanley lattices and another one is a generalization of Tamari lattices. The three families of posets are related: they fit into a chain for the order extension relation and they share some properties. Two associative algebras are constructed as quotients of generalizations of the Malvenuto-Reutenauer algebra. Their products describe intervals of our analogues of Stanley lattices and Tamari lattices. In particular, one is a generalization of the Loday-Ronco algebra.
In the present paper, we consider the problem when the toric ring arising from an integral cyclic polytope is Cohen-Macaulay by discussing Serres condition and we give a complete characterization when that is Gorenstein. Moreover, we study the normality of the other semigroup ring arising from an integral cyclic polytope but generated only with its vertices.
In this paper, we study splitting (or toric) non-commutative crepant resolutions (= NCCRs) of some toric rings. In particular, we consider Hibi rings, which are toric rings arising from partially ordered sets, and show that Gorenstein Hibi rings with class group $mathbb{Z}^2$ have a splitting NCCR. In the appendix, we also discuss Gorenstein toric rings with class group $mathbb{Z}$, in which case the existence of splitting NCCRs is already known. We especially observe the mutations of modules giving splitting NCCRs for the three dimensional case, and show the connectedness of the exchange graph.
The first known families of cages arised from the incidence graphs of generalized polygons of order $q$, $q$ a prime power. In particular, $(q+1,6)$--cages have been obtained from the projective planes of order $q$. Morever, infinite families of small regular graphs of girth 5 have been constructed performing algebraic operations on $mathbb{F}_q$. In this paper, we introduce some combinatorial operations to construct new infinite families of small regular graphs of girth 7 from the $(q+1,8)$--cages arising from the generalized quadrangles of order $q$, $q$ a prime power.
In this paper we obtain $(q+3)$--regular graphs of girth 5 with fewer vertices than previously known ones for $q=13,17,19$ and for any prime $q ge 23$ performing operations of reductions and amalgams on the Levi graph $B_q$ of an elliptic semiplane of type ${cal C}$. We also obtain a 13-regular graph of girth 5 on 236 vertices from $B_{11}$ using the same technique.